Attention Reverses the Effect of Prediction in Silencing Sensory Signals
Attention Reverses the Effect of Prediction in Silencing Sensory Signals
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhr310
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
de Lange, Floris P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kok, Peter;Rahnev, Dobromir;de Lange, Floris P.
预测编码模型表明预测的感觉信号被衰减（预测误差的沉默）。这些模型虽然有影响力，但受到以下事实的挑战：预测有时似乎会增强而不是减少感觉信号，就像注意力提示实验的情况一样。一种可能的解释是，在这些实验中，预测（即刺激概率）与注意力（即任务相关性）相混淆，众所周知，注意力会增强而不是减少感觉信号。然而，最近关于预测编码的理论工作激发了另一种假设，并表明注意力和预测协同作用以提高感知推理的精度。该模型假设注意力会导致感官证据的权重增加，从而通过预测扭转感官沉默。在这里，我们在功能磁共振成像研究中对注意力和预测进行了因子操作，并区分了这两种假设。我们的结果支持预测编码模型，其中注意力逆转了预测信号的感觉衰减。
Predictive coding models suggest that predicted sensory signals are attenuated (silencing of prediction error). These models, though influential, are challenged by the fact that prediction sometimes seems to enhance rather than reduce sensory signals, as in the case of attentional cueing experiments. One possible explanation is that in these experiments, prediction (i.e., stimulus probability) is confounded with attention (i.e., task relevance), which is known to boost rather than reduce sensory signal. However, recent theoretical work on predictive coding inspires an alternative hypothesis and suggests that attention and prediction operate synergistically to improve the precision of perceptual inference. This model posits that attention leads to heightened weighting of sensory evidence, thereby reversing the sensory silencing by prediction. Here, we factorially manipulated attention and prediction in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study and distinguished between these 2 hypotheses. Our results support a predictive coding model wherein attention reverses the sensory attenuation of predicted signals.