Resource acquisition and the evolution of stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster
Resource acquisition and the evolution of stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02016.x
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Rose, MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chippindale, AK;Gibbs, AG;Rose, MR
对环境压力的抵抗力是塑造物种分布和丰度舞蹈的最重要的力量之一。本研究利用实验室直接选择的20个近交黑腹果蝇种群，对其成虫的干燥抗性(D)、延缓衰老(O)及其对照（C和B）进行了研究。相对于对照，老化和干燥选择都增加了干旱性，形成了不同选择处理的干旱性水平谱。我们采用综合方法，将这些种群的生活史数据与水平衡的详细生理学相结合。抗旱性的生理基础可能是加强资源保护或资源获取与分配的机制。抗旱性种群的水分和碳水化合物蓄积量增加，且抗旱性表现出与资源积累机制一致的年龄特征。抗性相关资源的很大一部分是在幼虫期积累的。干旱选择系的雌雄在干旱抗性和资源获取方面表现出明显不同的模式，表明雌雄间性拮抗在抗逆性进化中具有一定的作用。应激选择种群的成虫前生存力低于对照组，发育缓慢。我们的研究结果表明，成年前的资源获取是有成本的，并指出了一个复杂的权衡架构，涉及分布在不同生命周期阶段的特征。
Resistance to environmental stress is one of the most important forces molding the distribution and abundance dance of species. We investigated the evolution of desiccation stress resistance using 20 outbred Drosophila melanogaster populations directly selected in the laboratory for adult desiccation resistance (D), postponed senescence (O), and their respective controls (C and B). Both aging and desiccation selection increased desiccation resistance relative to their controls, creating a spectrum of desiccation resistance levels across selection treatments. We employed integrative approach, merging data on the life histories of these populations with a detailed physiology of water balance. The physiological basis of desiccation resistance may be mechanisms enhancing either resource conservation or resource acquisition and allocation. Desiccation-resistant populations had increased water and carbohydrate stores, and showed age-specific patterns of desiccation resistance consistent with the resource accumulation mechanism. A significant proportion of the resources relevant to resistance of the stress were accumulated in the larval stage. Males and females of desiccation-selected lines exhibited distinctly different patterns of desiccation resistance and resource acquisition, in a manner suggesting intersexual antagonism in the evolution of stress resistance. Preadult viability of stress-selected populations was lower than that of controls, and development was slowed. Our results suggest that there is a cost to preadult resource acquisition, pointing out a complex trade-off architecture involving characters distributed across distinct life-cycle stages.