Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakhstan:: Sources of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposures in an agricultural region of southern Kazakhstan
Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakhstan:: Sources of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposures in an agricultural region of southern Kazakhstan
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DOI：
10.2307/3434626
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Grassman, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hooper, K;Chuvakova, T;Grassman, J
1997 年，生活在哈萨克斯坦南部国营农场的 64 名捐献者 [41 名初产妇] 的母乳样本中检测到了高含量的 2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-对二恶英（TCDD；高达 208 pg/g 脂肪）。 TCDD 是有毒当量的主要贡献者 (70%)，与 1994 年和 1996 年从附近村庄的捐赠者收集的母乳和血清样本中发现的同类模式相匹配。 TCDD 水平最高的是靠近水库（A 区）的国营农场，该水库接收来自棉田的农业径流。 A 区的 TCDD 水平显着高于距水库较远的区域（B 区；> 10 英里）的水平（A 区：平均值 53 pg/g，n = 17；B 区：平均值 21 pg/g，n = 24；p = 0.0017）。母乳和动物源性食品中的 TCDD 含量是美国水平的 10 倍。身体负担和饮食数据表明，TCDD 暴露是慢性的、环境性的和长期的，可能与棉花农业中化学品的使用有关。数据表明，最可能的来源是使用受 TCDD 污染的棉花脱叶剂，而人类接触最可能的途径是食用受污染的食品。
High levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; up to 208 pg/g fat) were measured in samples of breast milk collected in 1997 from 64 donors [41 first-time mothers (primiparae)] living on state farms in southern Kazakhstan. TCDD was the major contributor (70%) to the toxic equivalents, matching the congener patterns found in breast milk and serum samples collected in 1994 and 1996 from donors in nearby villages. The highest TCDD levels were found in state farms adjacent to a reservoir (zone A), which receives agricultural runoff from cotton fields. TCDD levels in zone A were significantly higher than levels in a region more distant (zone B; > 10 miles) from the reservoir (zone A: mean 53 pg/g, n = 17; zone B: mean 21 pg/g, n = 24; p = 0.0017). Levels of TCDD in breast milk and animal-derived foodstuffs were 10 times U.S. levels. Body burden and dietary data suggest that exposures to TCDD are chronic, environmental, and long term and may be related to the use of chemicals in cotton agriculture. The data suggest that the most likely source is the use of cotton defoliants contaminated with TCDD, and the most likely pathway for human exposure is via the consumption of contaminated foodstuffs.