Anatomical risk factors that distinguish dyslexia from SLI predict reading skill in normal children
Anatomical risk factors that distinguish dyslexia from SLI predict reading skill in normal children
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DOI：
10.1016/s0021-9924(02)00120-x
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
DeBose, CB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leonard, CM;Lombardino, LJ;DeBose, CB
这些研究调查了解剖学方法是否可以将基于语音的阅读障碍(PD)与非基于语音的学习障碍(如特定语言障碍(SLI))区分开来。在之前的一项研究中，四种大脑测量指标(大脑不对称、颞顶平面和顶叶不对称、小脑前部不对称和重复的左侧赫氏回)将一组PD成年人与没有特定语音缺陷(URD)的阅读障碍成年人区分开来。研究1发现，这些测量方法没有区分出14名阅读障碍儿童和21名SLI儿童。取而代之的是，在大脑体积、颞平面不对称性和单个左侧Heschl回的大小方面存在差异。研究2表明，在判别分析中包括所有七项指标将成人和儿童分为两组：一组为100%的帕金森病成人和75%的阅读障碍儿童，另一组为72%的SLI儿童和75%的URD成人。研究3证明，从七项大脑测量的判别函数中产生的解剖学风险因素指数(ARF7)可以预测正常儿童的阅读。ARF7接近0(正常解剖学)的儿童具有优越的言语能力和语音解码分数，且随着年龄的增长而提高。ARF7阴性的正常儿童(SLI的特征是相对较小的对称结构)在言语能力上存在缺陷。ARF7阳性的儿童(帕金森病的特征是不对称结构)的语音解码分数随着年龄的增长而下降。这些结果表明，帕金森病和系统性红斑狼疮在本质上是不同的疾病，与人群平均水平相反的解剖方向有关。学习结果：通过这项活动，参与者将能够：(1)区分帕金森病和系统性红斑狼疮的神经解剖学特征；(2)认识到帕金森病与较大的不对称脑结构有关，而系统性红斑狼疮与较小的对称性脑结构有关；(3)理解中等大小的大脑，其解剖介于对称性和极端不对称性之间的儿童具有更高的发展良好语言能力的可能性；(4)理解阅读障碍取决于神经发育和环境的相互作用(C)2002 Elsevier Science Inc.保留所有权利。
These studies investigated whether anatomical measures could separate phonologically-based reading disability (PD) from nonphonologically-based learning disabilities such as specific language impairment (SLI). In a previous study, four brain measures (cerebral asymmetry, summed planum temporale and parietale asymmetry, anterior cerebellar asymmetry, and a duplicated left Heschl's gyrus) distinguished a group of PD adults from reading disabled adults without specific phonological deficits (URD). Study 1 found that these measures did not distinguish 14 reading disabled children from 21 children with SLI. Instead, differences were found in cerebral volume, planum temporale asymmetry, and the size of a single left Heschl's gyrus. Study 2 demonstrated that including all seven measures in a discriminant analysis separated the adults and children into two groups: one with 100% of the PD adults and 75% of the reading disabled children and the other with 72% of the SLI children and 75% of the URD adults. Study 3 demonstrated that an anatomical risk factor index (ARF7) generated from the discriminant function with seven brain measures predicted reading in normal children. Children with ARF7 near 0 (normal anatomy) had superior verbal ability and phonological decoding scores that improved with age. Normal children with negative ARF7 (the relatively small symmetrical structures that characterize SLI) had deficits in verbal ability. Children with positive ARF7 (the asymmetrical structures that characterize PD) had phonological decoding scores that decreased with age. These results suggest that PD and SLI are qualitatively different disorders associated with anatomical deviations in opposite directions from the population mean.Learning outcomes: As a result of this activity, the participant will be able to: (1) distinguish the neuroanatomical features that characterize PD and SLI; (2) recognize that PD is associated with large asymmetrical brain structures while SLI is associated with smaller symmetrical brain structures; (3) understand that children with moderate sized brains and whose anatomy is intermediate between symmetry and extreme asymmetry have an enhanced probability of developing good verbal ability; (4) understand that reading disabilities depend on the interaction of neurodevelopment and the environment (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.