Characterizing the chemical and microbial fingerprint of unsheltered homelessness in an urban watershed
Characterizing the chemical and microbial fingerprint of unsheltered homelessness in an urban watershed
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156714
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发表时间：
2022-09-20
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Trenholm, Rebecca A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerrity, Daniel;Papp, Katerina;Trenholm, Rebecca A.
无家可归正在迅速成为世界各地许多城市的一个严重问题。不断恶化的情况不仅突出了社会经济困境，而且还提高了对诸如对城市水质的潜在影响等附带问题的认识。本研究的目的是同时利用不同的来源跟踪工具，开发一个化学和微生物指纹描述的相对贡献的直接人类输入到拉斯维加斯的支流洗涤。通过使用一般水质参数、粪便指示细菌（FIB）、人类相关微生物标志物[例如，HF183，crAsphalage和辣椒轻度斑驳病毒（PMMoV）]，16S rRNA基因测序数据，和52种人为微量有机化合物（TORC）的浓度，这项研究能够区分这些成分的主要来源，包括来自无家可归者的贡献。例如，HF183（31%对0%），crAsphalage（61%对5%），和PMMoV（72%对55%）更频繁地检测到支流洗涤与更高的无家可归者普查计数与“控制”支流洗涤。非法药物或其代谢物（例如，海洛因、乙酰吗啡、安非他明和可卡因）和选择的TORC（例如，对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、布洛芬和萘普生）也在更有害的洗涤液中更频繁地检测到并且浓度更高。这些数据可用于提高对广大社区和无家可归者之间共同利益的认识，特别是保护环境健康和水质的重要性。最终，这可能会导致更快地采用经过验证的策略来实现功能性零无家可归，或者至少为无家可归的个人提供额外的资源。
Unsheltered homelessness is rapidly becoming a critical issue in many cities worldwide. The worsening situation not only highlights the socioeconomic plight, but it also raises awareness of ancillary issues such as the potential implications for urban water quality. The objective of this study was to simultaneously leverage diverse source tracking tools to develop a chemical and microbial fingerprint describing the relative contribution of direct human inputs into Las Vegas' tributary washes. By evaluating a wide range of urban water matrices using general water quality parameters, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), human-associated microbial markers [e.g., HF183, crAssphage, and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)], 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, and concentrations of 52 anthropogenic trace organic compounds (TOrCs), this study was able to differentiate principal sources of these constituents, including contributions from unsheltered homelessness. For example, HF183 (31% vs. 0%), crAssphage (61% vs. 5%), and PMMoV (72% vs. 55%) were more frequently detected in tributary washes with higher homeless census counts vs. 'control' tributary washes. Illicit drugs or their metabolites (e.g., heroin, acetylmorphine, amphetamine, and cocaine) and select TOrCs (e.g., acetaminophen, caffeine, ibuprofen, and naproxen) were also detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in the more anthropogenically-impacted washes. These data can be used to raise awareness of the shared interests between the broader community and those who are experiencing homelessness, notably the importance of protecting environmental health and water quality. Ultimately, this may lead to more rapid adoption of proven strategies for achieving functional zero homelessness, or at least additional resources for unsheltered individuals.