Molecular systematics and the role of the "varzea" -: "terra-firme" ecotone in the diversification of Xiphorhynchus woodcreepers (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae)
Molecular systematics and the role of the "varzea" -: "terra-firme" ecotone in the diversification of Xiphorhynchus woodcreepers (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119
复制
发表时间：
2002-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Aleixo, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aleixo, A
重建了所有已知剑吻虫（Dendrocolaptidae）物种及其许多亚种的系统发育史，以评估这个具有分类学挑战性的属的物种限制，并调查亚马逊“varzea”（洪泛平原森林）-“terra-firme”（高地森林）交错带在其多样化中可能发挥的作用。基于线粒体DNA基因ND 2、ND 3和细胞色素B的2,430 bp推断系统发育。所有的单系发生估计支持所有现存的剑吻属物种的单系性，排除了兄弟物种对直嘴（X。picus）和Zimmer's（X. kienerii）砍林鸟。与以前的分子和解剖学研究结果相一致，发现强有力的支持，包括剑吻龙的小砍林鸟（Lepidocolaptes fuscus）。黄喉拟步行虫（X. guttatus），Ocellated（X. ocellatus）和Spix's（X. spixii）的数量达到或超过了剑吻龙的近缘物种之间的数量。一些剑吻鱼物种的高水平序列分化和并系表明以下分类群应被视为物种：Lafresnaye's（X. guttatoides）、Tschudi（X. chunchotambo）和Elegant（X.（学名：Woodcreepers）仅限于亚马逊低地的陆地坚林中的所有剑吻属物种形成了一个支持良好的单系群，而仅限于瓦齐亚森林中的物种要么是包含在各种生境中发现的物种的分支的基础（条纹砍林鸟[X. obsoletus]）或属于一个独特的血统可能被视为一个单独的属（X. kienerii）。这些发现伪造了预期的姐妹关系varzea和terra-firme物种，如预期的，如果varzea，terra-firme交错区发挥了决定性作用，在剑尾鱼种群分化和物种形成。相反，进化论的估计表明，varzea-terra-firme栖息地专业化的演变早期的剑吻鱼的进化历史和随后的分化主要发生在terra-firme栖息地。
The phylogeny of all known Xiphorhynchus (Dendrocolaptidae) species and many of its subspecies was reconstructed to evaluate species limits in this taxonomically challenging genus and investigate the possible role played by the Amazonian "varzea" (floodplain forest)-"terra-firme" (upland forest) ecotone in its diversification. Phylogenies were inferred based on 2,430 bp of the mitochondrial DNA genes ND2, ND3, and cytochrome b. All phylogeny estimates supported the monophyly of all extant Xiphorhynchus species to the exclusion of the sibling species pair Straight-billed (X. picus) and Zimmer's (X. kienerii) woodcreeper. Confirming findings of previous molecular and anatomical studies, strong support was found to include the Lesser Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes fuscus) in Xiphorhynchus. Levels of sequence divergence among some subspecies of Buff-throated (X. guttatus), Ocellated (X. ocellatus), and Spix's (X. spixii) woodcreepers reached or exceeded those found between closely related, undisputed biological species of Xiphorhynchus. High levels of sequence differentiation and the paraphyly of some Xiphorhynchus species indicated that the following taxa should be recognized as species: Lafresnaye's (X. guttatoides), Tschudi's (X. chunchotambo), and Elegant (X. elegans) woodcreepers. All Xiphorhynchus species restricted to terra-firme forest in lowland Amazonia formed a well supported monophyletic group, whereas species restricted to varzea forest were either basal to a clade containing species found in a wide variety of habitats (Striped Woodcreeper [X. obsoletus]) or belonged to a distinct lineage likely to be regarded as a separate genus (X. kienerii). These findings falsified an anticipated sister relationship between varzea and terra-firme species, as expected if the varzea-terra-firme ecotone had played a decisive role in population differentiation and speciation within Xiphorhynchus. Instead, phylogeny estimates suggested that the varzea-terra-firme habitat specialization evolved early on in the evolutionary history of Xiphorhynchus and that subsequent differentiation occurred mostly within the terra-firme habitat.