Fine particle emission factors from vehicles in a highway tunnel: Effects of fleet composition and season
Fine particle emission factors from vehicles in a highway tunnel: Effects of fleet composition and season
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.064
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Robinson, Allen L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grieshop, Andrew P.;Lipsky, Eric M.;Robinson, Allen L.
使用中的基于燃料的机动车辆排放因子是通过在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的高速公路隧道中进行的测量来确定的。连续测量 PM2.5 质量、CO、CO2 和 NO 的浓度。基于过滤器的测量包括 PM2.5 质量、有机碳和元素碳（OC 和 EQ、无机离子和金属）。使用燃料碳平衡计算每种污染物的基于燃料的排放因子。工作日交通量和车队组成以一致的日模式变化，重型柴油车 (HDDV) 交通消耗的燃料消耗比例估计为 11% 到 36%。大多数物种的排放率显示出对采样周期的显着依赖。 PM2.5、EC 和 OC 排放因子在清晨、卡车占主导地位的时期显着较大，在高峰时段，与制动器磨损相关的颗粒金属（Cu、Sb、Ba 和潜在的 Ga）排放率较高，其特点是交通速度较慢，地壳元素（Fe、Ca、Mg、Li）、Zn 和 Mn 的排放率在清晨时段最高，此时重型卡车交通量较多。观察到高峰时段的 OC/EC 比率；秋季和夏季 OC/EC 比率分别为 1.0+0.6 和 0.26+0.06。这种变化的潜在原因是夏季半挥发性有机化合物在气相中的分配增加和/或燃料配方季节性变化的影响。使用排放因子与车队组成的函数的线性回归来估计 HDDV 和轻型车辆 (LDV) 类别的排放因子。推断的排放因子总体上与之前公布的测量值一致，但已公布的数值存在较大范围 (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
In-use, fuel-based motor vehicle emission factors were determined using measurements made in a highway tunnel in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Concentrations Of PM2.5 mass, CO, CO2, and NO, were measured continuously. Filter-based measurements included PM2.5 mass, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EQ, inorganic ions and metals. Fuel-based emission factors for each pollutant were calculated using a fuel-carbon balance. The weekday traffic volume and fleet composition varied in a consistent diurnal pattern with the estimated fraction of fuel consumed by heavy-duty diesel ve ' hicle (HDDV) traffic ranging from 11% to 36%. The emission rate of most species showed a significant dependence on sample period. NOx, PM2.5, EC and OC emission factors were significantly larger during the early morning, truckdominated period. Emissions of particulate metals associated with brake wear (Cu, Sb, Ba and potentially Ga) were emitted at higher rates during the rush-hour period, which is characterized by slower, stop-and-go traffic. Emission rates of crustal elements (Fe, Ca, Mg, Li), Zn and Mn were highest during the early-morning period when there was more heavytruck traffic. A seasonal shift in average OC/EC ratio for the rush-hour period was observed; fall and summer OC/EC ratios are 1.0+0.6 and 0.26+0.06, respectively. Potential causes for this shift are increased partitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds into the gas phase during the summer months and/or effects of seasonal changes in fuel formulation. Emission factors for HDDV and light-duty vehicles (LDV) classes were estimated using a linear regression of emission factor as a function of fleet composition. The extrapolated emission factors generally agree with previously published measurements, though a substantial range in published values is noted. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.