Culture and systems of thought: holistic versus analytic cognition.
Culture and systems of thought: holistic versus analytic cognition.
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-295x.108.2.291
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发表时间：
2001-04
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
R. Nisbett;K. Peng;I. Choi;A. Norenzayan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Nisbett;K. Peng;I. Choi;A. Norenzayan
作者发现，东亚人是整体性的，关注整个领域并赋予其因果关系，相对较少使用范畴和形式逻辑，并依赖“辩证”推理，而西方人则更具分析性，主要关注对象和它所属的范畴，并使用包括形式逻辑在内的规则来理解其行为。这两种认知过程嵌入了不同的朴素形而上学体系和默会认识论中。作者推测，这些差异的根源可以追溯到明显不同的社会制度。提出的理论和证据质疑了关于基本认知过程的长期假设，甚至对过程-内容区分的适当性的假设。
The authors find East Asians to be holistic, attending to the entire field and assigning causality to it, making relatively little use of categories and formal logic, and relying on "dialectical" reasoning, whereas Westerners are more analytic, paying attention primarily to the object and the categories to which it belongs and using rules, including formal logic, to understand its behavior. The 2 types of cognitive processes are embedded in different naive metaphysical systems and tacit epistemologies. The authors speculate that the origin of these differences is traceable to markedly different social systems. The theory and the evidence presented call into question long-held assumptions about basic cognitive processes and even about the appropriateness of the process-content distinction.