Dioxin and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Scottish farmed salmon (Salmo salar): effects of replacement of dietary marine fish oil with vegetable oils
Dioxin and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Scottish farmed salmon (Salmo salar): effects of replacement of dietary marine fish oil with vegetable oils
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.10.016
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发表时间：
2005-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
J. Bell;F. McGhee;J. Dick;D. Tocher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Bell;F. McGhee;J. Dick;D. Tocher
重复组的大西洋鲑鱼喂养的四个实用型饮食从第一次喂养收获后115周。四种饮食为低鱼油（17%w/w，LFO）、高鱼油（35%w/w，HFO）、低植物油（17%，亚麻籽油[LO]/菜籽油[RO]，1：1 w/w; LVO）和高植物油（35%，亚麻籽油/菜籽油，1：1 w/w; HVO）。在样品收集（平均重量2.1kg）后，所有组都转换为HFO饮食，再持续24周。饲料中二恶英浓度的顺序为HFO>LFO>LVO>HVO，其值范围为0.16 - 1.4 ng TEQ/kg。二恶英类多氯联苯（DL-PCB）的浓度处于相同的顺序，数值范围为0.62至3.68纳克TEQ/千克。肉样中二恶英和DL-PCBs的浓度与饲料浓度相关，但肉中的值总是低于饲料。肉中二恶英的浓度范围为0.10 - 0.53纳克毒性当量/千克，DL-多氯联苯的浓度范围为0.58-1.48纳克毒性当量/千克。在喂食含鱼油的肥育饲料（HFO）24周后，鱼肉中二恶英的浓度范围为0.20至0.54 ng TEQ/kg，DL-PCBs的浓度范围为0.66至1.07 ng TEQ/kg。喂食HVO饮食导致20：5 n-3（EPA）和22：6 n-3（DHA）的肉浓度显著降低，约为喂食HFO饮食的鱼的值的25%。然而，喂食HFO肥育饲料24周导致鱼肉EPA和DHA浓度恢复到喂食HFO饲料的鱼的80%。喂养的精饲料导致二恶英水平显着增加的鱼肉以前喂LFO，LVO和HVO的饮食，虽然值仍然显着低于鱼喂HFO饮食。这项研究表明，以鱼粉和鱼油（HFO）为基础的饮食养殖的鲑鱼，其肉中二恶英的浓度低于目前欧盟委员会限值的14%。然而，在生产周期的大部分时间里，用植物油取代海洋鱼油，二恶英和DL-多氯联苯的浓度可以大大降低。
Duplicate groups of Atlantic salmon were fed one of four practical-type diets from first feeding to harvest after 115 weeks. The four diets were low fish oil (17% w/w, LFO), high fish oil (35% w/w, HFO), low vegetable oil (17%, linseed oil [LO]/rapeseed oil [RO], 1:1 w/w; LVO) and high vegetable oil (35%, linseed oil/rapeseed oil, 1:1 w/w; HVO). Following sample collection (average weight 2.1 kg), all groups were switched to the HFO diet for a further 24 weeks. The dioxin concentration in diets was in order HFO>LFO>LVO>HVO, with values ranging from 0.16 to 1.4 ng TEQ/kg. The dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (DL-PCB) concentrations were in the same order with values ranging from 0.62 to 3.68 ng TEQ/kg. Concentrations of dioxins and DL-PCBs in flesh samples were correlated with feed concentrations, but values in flesh were always lower than in feed. Flesh dioxin concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 0.53 ng TEQ/kg and DL-PCBs from 0.58–1.48 ng TEQ/kg. After 24 weeks feeding a fish oil-containing finishing diet (HFO), the flesh dioxin concentrations ranged from 0.20 to 0.54 ng TEQ/kg and the DL-PCBs from 0.66 to 1.07 ng TEQ/kg. Feeding the HVO diet resulted in significant reductions in flesh concentrations of 20:5 n-3 (EPA) and 22:6 n-3 (DHA) to around 25% of the values in fish fed the HFO diet. However, feeding the HFO finishing diet for 24 weeks resulted in restoration of flesh EPA and DHA concentrations to 80% of the values in fish fed the HFO diet throughout. Feeding the finishing diet resulted in significantly increased dioxin levels in flesh of fish previously fed the LFO, LVO and HVO diets, although values were still significantly lower than in fish fed the HFO diet throughout. This study suggests that salmon cultured on diets based on fish meal and oil (HFO) attain flesh dioxin concentrations that are <14% of the current European Commission limit. However, by replacing marine fish oils with vegetable oils for most of the production cycle, dioxin and DL-PCB concentrations can be substantially reduced.