Dependence, independence or inter-dependence? Revisiting the concepts of 'care' and 'dependency'
Dependence, independence or inter-dependence? Revisiting the concepts of 'care' and 'dependency'
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DOI：
10.1017/s0144686x05003600
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Glendinning, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fine, M;Glendinning, C
迄今为止，关于“依赖”和“照顾”的研究和理论在很大程度上是沿着不同的方向发展的，很少有人意识到它们是在探索和解释同一现象的不同方面。对“关怀”的研究最初与20世纪80年代早期的女权主义联系在一起，它揭示了迄今为止被认为是女性“自然”的活动，并将其暴露在公众的视线之下。相反，倡导残疾社会模式的残疾活动人士和作家认为，“关怀”的语言和政策重点是压迫和客观化的。“依赖”是一个同样有争议的概念：社会学家仔细研究了依赖的社会结构；政客们把被动归因于消极的含义；而医学和社会政策话语在实证主义意义上使用这个术语作为对专业干预的身体需求的衡量标准。相比之下，自治和独立被视为普遍的、基本上没有问题的目标。这些截然不同的观点导致社会理论、研究和政策将“照顾者”的世界与他们“照顾”的人的世界分离开来。借鉴Kittay和其他人的工作，本文探讨了社会学视角可以发展对“关心”和“依赖”的社会背景的新理解的方式。
Research and theory on 'dependency' and 'care-giving' have to date proceeded along largely separate lines, with little sense that they are exploring and explaining different aspects of the same phenomenon. Research on 'care', initially linked to feminism during the early 1980s, has revealed and exposed to public gaze what was hitherto assumed to be a 'natural' female activity. Conversely, disability activists and writers who have promoted a social model of disability have seen the language of and the policy focus upon 'care' as oppressive and objectifying. 'Dependency' is an equally contested concept: sociologists have scrutinised the social construction of dependency; politicians have ascribed negative connotations of passivity; while medical and social policy discourse employs the term in a positivist sense as a measure of physical need for professional intervention. Autonomy and independence, in contrast, are promoted as universal and largely unproblematic goals. These contrasting perspectives have led social theory, research and policies to separate and segregate the worlds of 'carers' from those for whom they 'care'. Drawing on the work of Kittay and others, this paper explores the ways in which sociological perspectives can develop new understanding of the social contexts of 'care' and 'dependence'.