Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles: Extended Messages of Regeneration.
Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles: Extended Messages of Regeneration.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-061616-030146
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发表时间：
2017-01-06
影响因子：
12.5
通讯作者：
Zhao W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Riazifar M;Pone EJ;Lötvall J;Zhao W
干细胞对于维持稳态器官稳态和再生受损组织至关重要。最近有趣的报告表明，细胞外囊泡（EV）是形态发生素以及生长和分化因子从组织实质细胞到干细胞分布的载体，相反，携带某些蛋白质和核酸的干细胞衍生的 EV 可以支持受损组织的愈合。我们描述了利用工程电动汽车作为干细胞治疗和诊断技术平台的方法。对于某些再生疗法，来自干细胞的天然和工程EV可能优于单分子药物、生物制品、全细胞和合成脂质体或纳米颗粒制剂，因为易于利用多种因素进行生物工程，同时保留优异的生物相容性和生物稳定性，并且异常分化或肿瘤转化的风险较小。最后，我们概述了 EV 作为临床应用细胞的潜在治疗替代品的当前挑战和未来方向。
Stem cells are critical to maintaining steady-state organ homeostasis and regenerating injured tissues. Recent intriguing reports implicate extracellular vesicles (EVs) as carriers for the distribution of morphogens and growth and differentiation factors from tissue parenchymal cells to stem cells, and conversely, stem cell–derived EVs carrying certain proteins and nucleic acids can support healing of injured tissues. We describe approaches to make use of engineered EVs as technology platforms in therapeutics and diagnostics in the context of stem cells. For some regenerative therapies, natural and engineered EVs from stem cells may be superior to single-molecule drugs, biologics, whole cells, and synthetic liposome or nanoparticle formulations because of the ease of bioengineering with multiple factors while retaining superior biocompatibility and biostability and posing fewer risks for abnormal differentiation or neoplastic transformation. Finally, we provide an overview of current challenges and future directions of EVs as potential therapeutic alternatives to cells for clinical applications.