Longitudinal Trajectories of Social Reticence With Unfamiliar Peers Across Early Childhood
Longitudinal Trajectories of Social Reticence With Unfamiliar Peers Across Early Childhood
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DOI：
10.1037/a0037751
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Fox, Nathan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Degnan, Kathryn A.;Almas, Alisa N.;Fox, Nathan A.
行为抑制是幼儿时期通过儿童对新环境、物体和不熟悉的成年人的反应来评估的一种气质。社交沉默被观察为在陌生同伴面前旁观、空闲的行为，并与早期的行为抑制有关。在目前的研究中，我们评估了262名2岁和3岁儿童的行为抑制，然后评估了这些儿童在2岁、3岁、4岁和5岁时与陌生的同龄同性同伴互动时的社交沉默。正如预期的那样，早期的行为抑制与各个年龄段的社交沉默有关。然而，观察到了包括高稳定、高减少和低增加的多个社会沉默轨迹，与低增加轨迹相比，高稳定和高减少轨迹与更大的行为抑制有关。此外，处于高稳定社交沉默轨迹的儿童在60个月的内化问题上的得分高于其他所有儿童。在60个月的外化问题上，处于低增长轨迹的儿童的得分高于处于高下降轨迹的儿童。这些结果说明了行为抑制幼儿的多种发育途径，并暗示了儿童早期阶段的模式与精神疾病的高风险相关。
Behavioral inhibition is a temperament assessed in the toddler period via children's responses to novel contexts, objects, and unfamiliar adults. Social reticence is observed as onlooking, unoccupied behavior in the presence of unfamiliar peers and is linked to earlier behavioral inhibition. In the current study, we assessed behavioral inhibition in a sample of 262 children at ages 2 and 3, and then assessed social reticence in these same children as they interacted with an unfamiliar, same-age, same-sex peer at 2, 3, 4, and 5 years of age. As expected, early behavioral inhibition was related to social reticence at each age. However, multiple trajectories of social reticence were observed including High-Stable, High-Decreasing, and Low-Increasing, with the High-Stable and High-Decreasing trajectories associated with greater behavioral inhibition compared to the Low-Increasing trajectory. In addition, children in the High-Stable social reticence trajectory were rated higher than all others on 60-month Internalizing problems. Children in the Low-Increasing trajectory were rated higher on 60-month Externalizing problems than children in the High-Decreasing trajectory. These results illustrate the multiple developmental pathways for behaviorally inhibited toddlers and suggest patterns across early childhood associated with heightened risk for psychopathology.