Die Krisis des Wissens
Die Krisis des Wissens
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科学危机
DOI：
10.1007/s11614-001-0001-0
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Willke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Willke
从社会学理论的角度来看，知识危机似乎是知识社会的特征，在知识社会中，知识的重要性增加了，但传统大学制度的重要性下降了。与胡塞尔不同，我不是从“最后”问题开始，而是从第一个问题开始：即，知识如何可能？为了回答这个问题，我将学习定义为一种产生知识的交流实践。这强调了知识和智力之间的区别。“智能”指的是可以以各种方式嵌入的解决问题机制：有机地嵌入基因组中;技术上嵌入工具中;社会上嵌入机构规则系统中（II-III）。在此基础上，知识社会的知识形式对比知识/非知识，并与对比知识/信仰或知识/权力的竞争形式相对立。因此，知识社会非常需要了解如何应对无知或无知，特别是为了科普系统性风险。银行对风险模型的使用是知识社会中的组织如何将其对知识和无知的依赖转化为应对不确定性的战略的一个例子（IV-V）。无知总是知识的必然结果。因此，在结论中，反讽和权力被引入作为处理这种形式的知识（VI-VII）的示范方式。
From a sociological theoretical perspective the crisis of knowledge appears to be characteristic of a knowledge society in which the importance of knowledge has increased but the importance of the traditional university system has decreased. In contrast to Husserl, I do not start with the “last” questions, but with the first question: namely, how is knowledge possible? To answer this, I define learning as a communicative practice that produces knowledge. This emphasizes the distinction between knowledge and intelligence. “Intelligence” denotes problem-solving mechanisms which can be embedded in various ways: organically in genomes; technologically in instruments; and socially in the rule systems of institutions (II–III).On this basis, the form of knowledge for the knowledge society contrasts knowledge/non-knowledge and is set against competing forms which contrast knowledge/belief or knowledge/power. The knowledge society thus stands in great need of knowledge about how to deal with ignorance or non-knowledge, particularly in order to cope with systemic risks. The use of risk models by banks serves as one example of how organizations in the knowledge society turn their dependence on knowledge and ignorance into strategies for coping with uncertainty (IV–V). Ignorance is always the corollary of knowledge. Thus, in conclusion irony and power are introduced as exemplary ways of dealing with this form of knowledge (VI–VII).