Widespread correlations between climatic niche evolution and species diversification in birds
Widespread correlations between climatic niche evolution and species diversification in birds
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.12530
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Tobias, Joseph A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cooney, Christopher R.;Seddon, Nathalie;Tobias, Joseph A.
物种气候生态位的适应性可以影响跨气候梯度的殖民化和基因流动的动态，可能会增加物种形成的可能性或减少面临环境变化时的灭绝。然而，以前的比较研究已经测试了这些想法使用地理，分类和生态限制的样本，产生混合的结果，因此，气候生态位演变与多样化的过程仍然知之甚少。专注于鸟类，最大和最广泛的一类陆生脊椎动物，我们测试是否在分支之间的物种多样性的变化与气候生态位的演变率和这些模式的修改的程度由潜在的梯度在地理学和物种的生态。我们量化的气候生态位，纬度分布和生态特征的7657（75%）鸟类的地理范围多边形的基础上，然后使用贝叶斯系统发育分析，以测试生态位的演变是否与物种丰富度和跨属和家庭级分支的多样化率。研究发现，在两个不同的分类层次（属和科）上，气候生态位演化速率与物种丰富度和多样性速率均呈线性正相关。此外，这种不稳定的气候生态位和多样化之间的正相关检测分支纬度或关键生态性状的变化无关。我们的研究结果表明，快速适应气候生态位空间的未被占用的地区促进鸟类的多样化，或多样化促进适应。无论哪种方式，我们建议，气候生态位的演变是一个基本的过程，调节气候和生物多样性之间的联系，在全球范围内，无论地理和生态环境的物种形成和灭绝。
The adaptability of species' climatic niches can influence the dynamics of colonization and gene flow across climatic gradients, potentially increasing the likelihood of speciation or reducing extinction in the face of environmental change. However, previous comparative studies have tested these ideas using geographically, taxonomically and ecologically restricted samples, yielding mixed results, and thus the processes linking climatic niche evolution with diversification remain poorly understood. Focusing on birds, the largest and most widespread class of terrestrial vertebrates, we test whether variation in species diversification among clades is correlated with rates of climatic niche evolution and the extent to which these patterns are modified by underlying gradients in biogeography and species' ecology. We quantified climatic niches, latitudinal distribution and ecological traits for 7657 (75%) bird species based on geographical range polygons and then used Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to test whether niche evolution was related to species richness and rates of diversification across genus- and family-level clades. We found that the rate of climatic niche evolution has a positive linear relationship with both species richness and diversification rate at two different taxonomic levels (genus and family). Furthermore, this positive association between labile climatic niches and diversification was detected regardless of variation in clade latitude or key ecological traits. Our findings suggest either that rapid adaptation to unoccupied areas of climatic niche space promotes avian diversification, or that diversification promotes adaptation. Either way, we propose that climatic niche evolution is a fundamental process regulating the link between climate and biodiversity at global scales, irrespective of the geographical and ecological context of speciation and extinction.