Effects of acute and chronic methylphenidate on delay discounting
Effects of acute and chronic methylphenidate on delay discounting
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pbb.2011.05.027
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Anderson, Karen G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Slezak, Jonathan M.;Anderson, Karen G.
哌醋甲酯（MPH）是治疗注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）最常用的药物之一，ADHD由注意力不集中、冲动和多动等症状组成。研究发现，在人类和非人类动物中，急性给药MPH会减少冲动选择，然而，对于长期给药MPH对冲动选择的潜在影响却知之甚少。本实验研究了急性和慢性MPH （1.0-10.0 mg/kg）对成年雄性自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）冲动选择的影响，以确定慢性MPH暴露后行为改变的程度。受试者可以选择立即服用单一食物颗粒，也可以选择在延迟后（0至16秒）服用三种食物颗粒。在急性和慢性给药过程中，当两种结果都没有延迟时，大强化物维持的选择被破坏，这表明MPH可能影响当前延迟贴现任务下的刺激控制。然而，当没有观察到这种中断时，MPH效应是选择性的，因为只有一个中间剂量（3.0 mg/kg）在急性给药后的一个延迟（8 s）降低了平均冲动选择。慢性给药后也观察到同样的效果，只是剂量更高（5.6 mg/kg），延迟时间更短（4 s）。当停止给药时，长期给药MPH没有显示出任何负面指标（例如，冲动选择的增加）。(C) 2011爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Methylphenidate (MPH) is one of the most common therapeutics used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which consists of symptoms of inattention, and/or impulsivity and hyperactivity. Acute administration of MPH has been found to decrease impulsive choice in both humans and nonhuman animals, however, little is known about potential long-term changes in impulsive choice due to chronic administration of MPH. In the present experiment, effects of acute and chronic MPH (1.0-10.0 mg/kg) were assessed on impulsive choice in the adult male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) to determine the extent of behavioral changes after chronic MPH exposure. Subjects chose between an immediate single food pellet and three food pellets delivered after a delay that increased within session (0 to 16 s). At relatively higher doses during acute and chronic administration, choice maintained by the larger reinforcer was disrupted when there was no delay to either outcome, suggesting that MPH may be affecting stimulus control under the current delay-discounting task. When this disruption was not observed, however, MPH effects were selective in that only one intermediate dose (3.0 mg/kg) decreased mean impulsive choice at one delay (8 s) following acute administration. The same effect was observed following chronic MPH administration except that the dose was higher (5.6 mg/kg) and the delay was shorter (4 s). Chronic administration of MPH did not show any negative indicators (e.g., an increase in impulsive choice) when administration was discontinued. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.