Developments in Earth observation for the assessment and monitoring of inland, transitional, coastal and shelf-sea waters.
Developments in Earth observation for the assessment and monitoring of inland, transitional, coastal and shelf-sea waters.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.020
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发表时间：
2016-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Tyler;P. Hunter;E. Spyrakos;S. Groom;A. Constantinescu;Jonathan Kitchen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Tyler;P. Hunter;E. Spyrakos;S. Groom;A. Constantinescu;Jonathan Kitchen
地球地表水是一种基本资源，包括广泛的生态系统，这些生态系统是全球生物地球化学循环以及粮食和能源生产的核心。尽管如此，地球表面的水受到多重自然和人为压力以及环境变化驱动因素的影响。地表水中物理、化学和生物过程之间的复杂相互作用对现场监测和评估构成重大挑战，往往限制我们充分捕捉水生系统的动态以及我们对其状况、功能和对压力反应的了解的能力。在这里，我们探讨地球观测(EO)对包括内陆、过渡和沿海水体的地表水连续体进行流域范围的水质监测所带来的机会，特别是多瑙河和黑海地区。本文综述了地球观测系统的技术进展和新一代卫星为水质监测提供的机遇。我们概述了用于提取水质参数的算法，并演示了这些模型如何用于内陆、过渡、沿海和陆架-海系统的评估和监测。此外，我们认为，很少有研究调查这些系统之间的连通性，特别是在多瑙河-黑海等大型江海系统中。随后，我们描述了目前存档和接近实时的卫星数据的业务处理能力。我们的结论是，尽管内陆和沿海水域仍在利用卫星评估和监测地表水，还需要开展更多工作来开发和验证这些光学复杂水域的遥感算法，但这些数据流为发展对包括多瑙河-黑海在内的大型江海系统的物理和生物地球化学过程的改进的、可能改变范式的理解提供了相当大的潜力。
The Earth's surface waters are a fundamental resource and encompass a broad range of ecosystems that are core to global biogeochemical cycling and food and energy production. Despite this, the Earth's surface waters are impacted by multiple natural and anthropogenic pressures and drivers of environmental change. The complex interaction between physical, chemical and biological processes in surface waters poses significant challenges for in situ monitoring and assessment and often limits our ability to adequately capture the dynamics of aquatic systems and our understanding of their status, functioning and response to pressures. Here we explore the opportunities that Earth observation (EO) has to offer to basin-scale monitoring of water quality over the surface water continuum comprising inland, transition and coastal water bodies, with a particular focus on the Danube and Black Sea region. This review summarises the technological advances in EO and the opportunities that the next generation satellites offer for water quality monitoring. We provide an overview of algorithms for the retrieval of water quality parameters and demonstrate how such models have been used for the assessment and monitoring of inland, transitional, coastal and shelf–sea systems. Further, we argue that very few studies have investigated the connectivity between these systems especially in large river–sea systems such as the Danube–Black Sea. Subsequently, we describe current capability in operational processing of archive and near real-time satellite data. We conclude that while the operational use of satellites for the assessment and monitoring of surface waters is still developing for inland and coastal waters and more work is required on the development and validation of remote sensing algorithms for these optically complex waters, the potential that these data streams offer for developing an improved, potentially paradigm-shifting understanding of physical and biogeochemical processes across large scale river–sea systems including the Danube–Black Sea is considerable.