Levels of second hand smoke in pubs and bars by deprivation and food-serving status: a cross-sectional study from North West England
Levels of second hand smoke in pubs and bars by deprivation and food-serving status: a cross-sectional study from North West England
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-6-42
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发表时间：
2006-02-22
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Watson, AFR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, R;Hasselholdt, CP;Watson, AFR
背景资料：英国政府提议在英格兰引入部分无烟立法，但不准备和提供食物的酒吧和酒吧除外。我们着手测试的假设，酒吧从更贫困的地区和非食品服务的酒吧有更高水平的颗粒空气污染。方法：我们进行了一项横断面研究，在四个主要城市地区的英格兰西北部。我们招募了一个分层随机样本的64酒吧分为四组，根据他们的当地人口是否富裕或贫困（使用英国地区为基础的剥夺措施），以及他们是否提供食物。对空气质量监测的时间进行分层，以确保各组之间按一周中的天数和晚间时间进行类似的监测分布。我们使用便携式空气质量监测仪在允许吸烟的区域收集至少30分钟的细颗粒物（PM2.5）水平，并计算平均时间-时间加权平均PM2.5水平。结果：平均PM2.5为285.5 μ g/m3（95%CI 212.7至358.3）。四组的平均水平为：富裕的食品供应酒吧（n=16）188.1微克/立方米（3）（95% CI 128.1至248.1）;富裕的非饮食服务（n=16）186.8 μ g/m（3）（95% CI 118.9至254.3）;进食剥夺（n=17）399.4 μ g/m3（95% CI 177.7至621.2）;非进食剥夺（n=15）365.7 μ g/m3（195.6至535.7）。贫困社区的酒吧中的水平更高：平均值为383.6 μ g/m3（95% CI 249.2至518.0）vs 187.4 μ g/m3（144.8至229.9）;几何平均值为245.2 μ g/m3 vs 151.2 μ g/m3（p=0.03）。食物和非食品服务pubs.Conclusion之间的颗粒物水平差异不大：这项研究增加了证据表明，英国政府的建议，部分无烟立法在英格兰将提供最少的保护，最严重的暴露组酒吧工人和客户在非食品服务酒吧在贫困地区。结果表明，这些建议将违背英国政府宣布的消除健康不平等的目标。
Background: The UK government proposed introducing partial smokefree legislation for England with exemptions for pubs and bars that do not prepare and serve food. We set out to test the hypothesis that pubs from more deprived areas and non food-serving pubs have higher levels of particulate air pollution.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study in four mainly urban areas of the North West of England. We recruited a stratified random sample of 64 pubs divided into four groups based on whether their local population was affluent or deprived (using a UK area based deprivation measure), and whether or not they served food. The timing of air quality monitoring stratified to ensure similar distribution of monitoring by day of the week and time of evening between groups. We used a portable air quality monitor to collect fine particle (PM2.5) levels over a minimum of 30 minutes in areas where smoking was allowed,, and calculated mean time-time weighted average PM2.5 levels.Results: Mean PM2.5 was 285.5 mu g/m(3) (95% CI 212.7 to 358.3). Mean levels in the four groups were: affluent food-serving pubs (n=16) 188.1 mu g/m(3) (95% CI 128.1 to 248.1); affluent non food-serving (n=16) 186.8 mu g/m(3) (95% CI 118.9 to 254.3); deprived food-serving (n=17) 399.4 mu g/m(3) (95% CI 177.7 to 621.2); and deprived non food-serving (n=15) 365.7 mu g/m(3) (195.6 to 535.7). Levels were higher in pubs in deprived communities: mean 383.6 mu g/m(3) ( 95% CI 249.2 to 518.0) vs 187.4 mu g/m(3) (144.8 to 229.9); geometric mean 245.2 mu g/m(3) vs 151.2 mu g/m(3) (p=0.03). There was little difference in particulate levels between food and non food-serving pubs.Conclusion: This study adds to the evidence that the UK government's proposals for partial smokefree legislation in England would offer the least protection to the most heavily exposed group-bar workers and customers in non food-serving pubs in deprived areas. The results suggest these proposals would work against the UK government's stated aim to red health inequalities.