Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (ctDCS): A Novel Approach to Understanding Cerebellar Function in Health and Disease.
Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (ctDCS): A Novel Approach to Understanding Cerebellar Function in Health and Disease.
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DOI：
10.1177/1073858414559409
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Celnik P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grimaldi G;Argyropoulos GP;Bastian A;Cortes M;Davis NJ;Edwards DJ;Ferrucci R;Fregni F;Galea JM;Hamada M;Manto M;Miall RC;Morales-Quezada L;Pope PA;Priori A;Rothwell J;Tomlinson SP;Celnik P
小脑对运动和认知控制都至关重要。小脑功能障碍是多种神经系统疾病的一个组成部分。近年来，已经开发出旨在激发或抑制人类小脑的活动和功能的干预措施。经颅直流电刺激小脑（ctDCS）有望成为调节小脑兴奋性的有力工具。这项技术近年来得到了普及，因为它可以用于研究人类小脑功能，易于交付，耐受性好，并且没有显示出严重的不良反应。重要的是，ctDCS改变行为的能力使其成为一种有趣的方法，对神经系统患者具有潜在的治疗作用。通过电和非电效应（血管、代谢），ctDCS被认为可以改变小脑的活动并改变小脑核的输出。生理学研究表明，极性特异性影响小脑-运动皮层连接的调节，可能通过小脑-丘脑皮质通路。评估常用电极蒙太奇的建模研究表明，ctdcs产生的电场到达人类小脑时几乎没有扩散到邻近结构。小脑的后部和下部（即小叶VI-VIII）似乎特别容易受到ctDCS的调节。迄今为止，大量研究表明ctDCS可以调节运动学习，并影响认知和情绪过程。重要的是，这种干预措施具有良好的安全性；类似于应用于大脑区域。因此，研究已经开始探索ctDCS作为神经系统疾病患者的可行干预措施。
The cerebellum is critical for both motor and cognitive control. Dysfunction of the cerebellum is a component of multiple neurological disorders. In recent years, interventions have been developed that aim to excite or inhibit the activity and function of the human cerebellum. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the cerebellum (ctDCS) promises to be a powerful tool for the modulation of cerebellar excitability. This technique has gained popularity in recent years as it can be used to investigate human cerebellar function, is easily delivered, is well tolerated, and has not shown serious adverse effects. Importantly, the ability of ctDCS to modify behavior makes it an interesting approach with a potential therapeutic role for neurological patients. Through both electrical and non-electrical effects (vascular, metabolic) ctDCS is thought to modify the activity of the cerebellum and alter the output from cerebellar nuclei. Physiological studies have shown a polarity-specific effect on the modulation of cerebellar–motor cortex connectivity, likely via cerebellar–thalamocortical pathways. Modeling studies that have assessed commonly used electrode montages have shown that the ctDCS-generated electric field reaches the human cerebellum with little diffusion to neighboring structures. The posterior and inferior parts of the cerebellum (i.e., lobules VI-VIII) seem particularly susceptible to modulation by ctDCS. Numerous studies have shown to date that ctDCS can modulate motor learning, and affect cognitive and emotional processes. Importantly, this intervention has a good safety profile; similar to when applied over cerebral areas. Thus, investigations have begun exploring ctDCS as a viable intervention for patients with neurological conditions.