Antimicrobial resistance of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from the oral cavity
Antimicrobial resistance of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from the oral cavity
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DOI：
10.1590/s1678-77572010000600004
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Gaetti-Jardim Junior, Elerson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaetti-Jardim, Ellen Cristina;Marqueti, Antonio Carlos;Gaetti-Jardim Junior, Elerson
目的：研究从全口义齿患者、牙周炎和牙周炎患者以及牙周健康人群中分离的需氧菌和兼性厌氧菌对抗生素的耐药性。材料和方法：对304株细菌进行检测。用Mueller-Hinton琼脂稀释法测定药物的最低抑菌浓度。结果：抗菌药物以碳青霉烯类(美罗培南和亚胺培南)为主，对环丙沙星和利福平的耐药率仅为1.6%~2.3%。微生物对氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢西丁、头孢菌素、阿米卡星、氯霉素和奈利酸的耐药率特别高。在大多数情况下，对β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药性是由水解酶的产生介导的，特别是在革兰氏阴性肠杆菌中，而肠球菌没有证据表明这些酶的产生。阿莫西林/克拉维酸联合作用在28.3%的受试菌中无效。结论：本次调查结果证实，牙周炎和牙周炎患者，尤其是无牙颌患者戴全口义齿时，口腔中可能含有多种耐药标志物的微生物，这些微生物常与多重耐药、系统性感染、口腔感染或医院感染有关。
Objectives: This study evaluated the resistance to antimicrobials of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from patients wearing complete dentures, patients with gingivitis and periodontitis, and periodontally health subjects. Material and Methods: Three hundred and four isolates were tested. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs were evaluated through the agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar. Results: The most active antimicrobial drugs were the carbapenems (meropenem and imipenem), and resistance to these drugs was restrict to 1.6-2.3% of the isolates, as well as ciproflaxacin and rifampin. Microbial resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, cephalothin, amikacin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid was particularly high. In most cases, the resistance to beta-lactams was mediated by the production of hydrolytic enzymes, especially in gram-negative enteric rods, while enterococci did not evidence production of these enzymes. The association amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was not effective in 28.3% of the tested isolates. Conclusions: The results of this investigation confirmed that the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis and gingivitis, and particularly edentulous patients wearing complete dentures, could harbor microorganisms with several antimicrobial resistance markers, and these microorganisms are frequently implicated in multiresistant, systemic, oral or nosocomial infections.