Cultural differences are not always reducible to individual differences
Cultural differences are not always reducible to individual differences
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1001911107
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发表时间：
2010-04-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Nisbett, Richard E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Na, Jinkyung;Grossmann, Igor;Nisbett, Richard E.
我们表明，在社会取向和认知的差异，存在于文化和社会阶层之间并不一定有对应的个体差异在这些群体。证据来自一项大规模研究，该研究采用了10项独立与相互依存的社会取向指标和10项分析与整体认知风格指标。社会措施成功地区分相互依存（认为自己是嵌入在与他人的关系）和独立性（认为自己与他人断开）在组的水平。然而，这些措施之间的相关性可以忽略不计。获得了类似的结果的认知措施，有没有连贯的个体差异，尽管在组水平上的结构的有效性。我们的结论是，区分群体的行为结构不一定是有效的个体差异的措施。
We show that differences in social orientation and in cognition that exist between cultures and social classes do not necessarily have counterparts in individual differences within those groups. Evidence comes from a large-scale study conducted with 10 measures of independent vs. interdependent social orientation and 10 measures of analytic vs. holistic cognitive style. The social measures successfully distinguish between interdependence (viewing oneself as embedded in relations with others) and independence (viewing oneself as disconnected from others) at the group level. However, the correlations among the measures were negligible. Similar results were obtained for the cognitive measures, for which there are no coherent individual differences despite the validity of the construct at the group level. We conclude that behavioral constructs that distinguish among groups need not be valid as measures of individual differences.