PSYCHOPHYSICS OF READING .2. LOW VISION
PSYCHOPHYSICS OF READING .2. LOW VISION
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0042-6989(85)90118-x
复制
发表时间：
1985-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
SCHLESKE, MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LEGGE, GE;RUBIN, GS;SCHLESKE, MM
关于视力障碍对阅读的影响知之甚少。采用心理物理学方法对16名低视力观察者的阅读进行研究。通过改变对低视力患者可能很重要的参数，测量了电视显示器表面扫描文本的阅读率：字符角度大小、视野中的字符数量、组成每个字符的点数、对比极性（黑底白字与白色黑字）和字符间距。尽管样本中存在不同的病理和视力丧失程度，但出现了几个主要的概括。在低视力观察者中，峰值阅读率有很大的差异，但64%的差异可以由2个主要区别解释：完整的中央视野与中央视野损失和混浊与透明的眼介质。中央视野丧失的观察者的峰值阅读率非常低（中位数25字/分钟），而中央视野完整的观察者的峰值阅读率至少为90字/分钟（中位数130字/分钟）。大多数低视力读者需要放大以获得最佳尺寸的字符。Sloan M敏锐度是一个更好的预测最佳字符大小比Snellen敏锐度，占72%的方差。低视力阅读在几个方面与正常阅读相似。例如，两者都显示出对字段中字符数的相同依赖性。结果提供了估计的最佳阅读性能预期从低视力观察者的视觉损失的特征形式和最佳性能所需的刺激参数。这些结果将有助于低视力临床测试的发展和低视力阅读辅助器的设计。
Very little is known about the effects of visual impairment on reading. Psychophysical methods were used to study reading by 16 low-vision observers. Reading rates were measured for text scanned across the face of a TV monitor while varying parameters that are likely to be important in low vision: angular character size, number of characters in the field, number of dots composing each character, contrast polarity (white-on-black vs. black-on-white text) and character spacing. Despite diverse pathologies and degress of vision loss in the sample, several major generalizations emerged. There is a wide variation in peak reading rates among low-vision observers, but 64% of the variance can be accounted for by 2 major distinctions; intact central fields vs. central-field loss and cloudy vs. clear ocular media. Peak reading rates for observers with central-field loss were very low (median 25 words/min), while peak reading rates for observers with intact central fields were at least 90 words/min (median 130 words/min). Most low-vision readers require magnification to obtain characters of optimal size. Sloan M acuity was a better predictor of optimal character size than Snellen acuity, accounting for 72% of the variance. Low-vision reading is similar to normal reading in several respects. For example, both show the same dependence on the number of characters in the field. The results provide estimates of the best reading performance to be expected from low-vision observers with characteristic forms of vision loss and the stimulus parameters necessary for optimal performance. These results will be useful in the development of clinical tests of low vision and in the design of low-vision reading aids.