Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Based TB/HIV Screening and Linkage to Care in Rural South Africa.

Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Based TB/HIV Screening and Linkage to Care in Rural South Africa.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0165614
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Galvani AP
Galvani AP
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gilbert JA;Shenoi SV;Moll AP;Friedland GH;Paltiel AD;Galvani AP

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南非是全球结核病负担最重的国家之一,其原因是该国艾滋病毒广泛流行,而耐药性则使情况进一步复杂化。社区内积极发现病例,特别是在医疗保健机会有限的农村地区,可以显着提高高发地区的诊断和治疗覆盖率。我们评估了实施基于社区的结核病/艾滋病毒筛查和与护理的联系的潜在健康和经济后果。我们使用 10 年时间范围内结核病和艾滋病毒传播的动态模型,将现状结核病/艾滋病毒控制与以每两年、一年和六个月一次的频率进行的社区结核病/艾滋病毒筛查进行比较。我们还考虑了将 IPT 从 TST 阳性患者的 36 个月和 TST 阴性或未知患者的 12 个月 (36/12) 延长到所有 HIV 感染患者终生使用的影响。我们进行了概率敏感性分析,以评估参数不确定性对成本效益结果的影响。我们确定了在给定支出下可节省最多生命年数的四种策略:通过 36/12 个月的 IPT 进行现状结核病/艾滋病毒控制,以及以每两年、一年和六个月一次的频率进行终生 IPT 的结核病/艾滋病毒筛查策略。所有这些策略都非常具有成本效益,每个生命年节省 6,618 美元(南非人均 GDP)。因此,在南非农村地区,基于社区的结核病/艾滋病毒筛查与护理相结合非常具有成本效益。
South Africa has one of the highest burdens of TB worldwide, driven by the country’s widespread prevalence of HIV, and further complicated by drug resistance. Active case finding within the community, particularly in rural areas where healthcare access is limited, can significantly improve diagnosis and treatment coverage in high-incidence settings. We evaluated the potential health and economic consequences of implementing community-based TB/HIV screening and linkage to care. Using a dynamic model of TB and HIV transmission over a time horizon of 10 years, we compared status quo TB/HIV control to community-based TB/HIV screening at frequencies of once every two years, one year, and six months. We also considered the impact of extending IPT from 36 months for TST positive and 12 months for TST negative or unknown patients (36/12) to lifetime use for all HIV-infected patients. We conducted a probabilistic sensitivity analysis to assess the effect of parameter uncertainty on the cost-effectiveness results. We identified four strategies that saved the most life years for a given outlay: status quo TB/HIV control with 36/12 months of IPT and TB/HIV screening strategies at frequencies of once every two years, one year, and six months with lifetime IPT. All of these strategies were very cost-effective at a threshold of $6,618 per life year saved (the per capita GDP of South Africa). Community-based TB/HIV screening with linkage to care is therefore very cost-effective in rural South Africa.
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