Nicotine metabolism and intake in black and white smokers
Nicotine metabolism and intake in black and white smokers
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.280.2.152
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发表时间：
1998-07-08
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Benowitz, NL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pérez-Stable, EJ;Herrera, B;Benowitz, NL
背景：与烟草相关疾病的种族差异不能完全由吸烟行为来解释。尽管黑人每天吸烟的数量较少，但他们的血清可替宁（尼古丁的近似代谢物）水平较高。
目的：比较黑人吸烟者和白人吸烟者的尼古丁代谢率和每日摄入量。
设计：参与者同时接受氘标记的尼古丁和可替宁的输注。收集尿液以测定尼古丁和可替宁的总清除率、尼古丁转化为可替宁的分数转化率以及可替宁消除率。利用随意吸烟期间的可替宁水平和清除率数据，估算吸烟的尼古丁每日摄入量。
地点：一所大学附属公立医院的代谢病房。
参与者：共有40名黑人吸烟者和39名白人吸烟者，平均每天分别吸烟14支和14.7支，年龄相似（平均分别为32.5岁和32.3岁），体重相似（平均分别为73.3千克和68.8千克）。
主要观察指标：尼古丁和可替宁的清除率（肾清除率和非肾清除率）、半衰期、分布容积以及计算得出的尼古丁每日摄入量。
结果：黑人的尼古丁总清除率（17.7和17.2毫升·分钟⁻¹·千克⁻¹）和非肾清除率与白人（19.6和18.9毫升·分钟⁻¹·千克⁻¹）相比，差异均无统计学意义（P = 0.11和0.20）。然而，黑人的可替宁总清除率（0.56和0.47毫升·分钟⁻¹·千克⁻¹）和非肾清除率均显著低于白人（分别为0.68和0.61毫升·分钟⁻¹·千克⁻¹；每次比较P = 0.009）。黑人每支烟的尼古丁摄入量比白人高30%（分别为每支烟1.41毫克和1.09毫克；P = 0.02）。两组的分布容积无差异，但黑人的可替宁半衰期比白人长（分别为1064分钟和950分钟；P = 0.07）。
结论：黑人每支烟的可替宁水平高于白人，这可以用黑人可替宁清除较慢以及每支烟尼古丁摄入量较高来解释。每支烟中尼古丁含量更高，因此烟草烟雾摄入量更大，这在一定程度上可以解释吸烟相关疾病风险的一些种族差异。
Context.-Racial differences in tobacco-related diseases are not fully explained by cigarette-smoking behavior. Despite smoking fewer cigarettes per day, blacks have higher levels of serum cotinine, the proximate metabolite of nicotine.Objective.-To compare the rates of metabolism and the daily intake of nicotine in black smokers and white smokers.Design.-Participants received simultaneous infusions of deuterium-labeled nicotine and cotinine. Urine was collected for determination of total clearance of nicotine and cotinine, fractional conversion of nicotine to cotinine, and cotinine elimination rate. Using cotinine levels during ad libitum smoking and clearance data, the daily intake of nicotine from smoking was estimated.Setting.-Metabolic ward of a university-affiliate public hospital.Participants.-A total of 40 black and 39 white smokers, average consumption of 14 and 14.7 cigarettes per day, respectively, of similar age (mean, 32.5 and 32.3 years, respectively) and body weight (mean, 73.3 and 68.8 kg, respectively).Main Outcome Measures.-Clearance (renal and nonrenal), half-life, and volume of distribution of nicotine and cotinine and the calculated daily intake of nicotine.Results.-The total and nonrenal clearances of nicotine were not significantly different, respectively, in blacks (17.7 and 17.2 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)) compared with whites (19.6 and 18.9 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)) (P=.11 and .20). However, the total and nonrenal clearances of cotinine were significantly lower, respectively, in blacks (0.56 and 0.47 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)) than in whites (0.68 vs 0.61 mL.min(-1).kg(-1); P=.009 for each comparison). The nicotine intake per cigarette was 30% greater in blacks compared with whites (1.41 vs 1.09 mg per cigarette, respectively; P=.02), Volume of distribution did not differ for the 2 groups, but cotinine half-life was higher in blacks than in whites (1064 vs 950 minutes, respectively; P=.07).Conclusions.-Higher levels of cotinine per cigarette smoked by blacks compared with whites can be explained by both slower clearance of cotinine and higher intake of nicotine per cigarette in blacks. Greater nicotine and therefore greater tobacco smoke intake per cigarette could, in part, explain some of the ethnic differences in smoking-related disease risks.