Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in young cats:: overrepresentation of Abyssinian cats
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in young cats:: overrepresentation of Abyssinian cats
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jfms.2005.06.004
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Malik, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baral, RM;Metcalfe, SS;Malik, R
1995 年至 2004 年间，来自澳大利亚或北美的 10 只幼猫（1-5 岁）被诊断出播散性鸟胞内分枝杆菌复合体 (MAC) 感染。在此期间，另外两只猫被诊断出患有播散性分枝杆菌病（尚未确定确切的病原体）。这12只猫中，有10只是阿比西尼亚猫，一只是索马里猫，一只是家养短毛猫。没有一只猫的 FeLV 抗原或 FIV 抗体检测呈阳性。这些感染的临床过程是惰性的，猫通常表现为体重减轻，最初表现为多食，慢性持续长达数月。其他临床特征包括下呼吸道体征和外周淋巴结肿大。即使在没有明显呼吸道受累的猫中，胸部X光片也可以明显看出明显的弥漫性间质模式。为执行诊断程序而剪掉的头发即使有再生，也往往会缓慢地再生。诊断通常通过剖腹手术时从肠系膜淋巴结、肝脏或肾脏或腘淋巴结获取代表性组织标本来进行。主要的先行事件很可能是消化道或呼吸道的定植，然后是局部侵袭，最后是淋巴和血行播散。 9 例患者采用联合疗法与有效治疗人类 MAC 感染的药物进行治疗。两只猫仍在接受初步治疗并已出现反应。其余 7 名患者均在克拉霉素联合氯法齐明或利福平以及氟喹诺酮或多西环素的长期疗程（5-14 个月）期间出现反应。其中，三只猫状况良好（治疗后持续时间在 2 个月到 2 年之间）；两名患者出现复发性疾病（分别在治疗后 3 个月和 2 年）并已重新开始治疗。其余两只猫在诊断后分别一年和五个月内病情有所好转，但最终还是去世了。重新开始治疗的两只猫的病情得到了显着改善。阿比西尼亚猫和索马里猫的某些品系可能患有家族性免疫缺陷，使它们容易感染生长缓慢的分枝杆菌，例如 MAC。 (C) 2005 ESFM 和 AAFP。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection was diagnosed in 10 young cats (1-5 years of age) from Australia or North America between 1995 and 2004. A further two cats with disseminated mycobacteriosis (precise agent not identified) were recognised during this period. Of the 12, 10 were Abyssinian cats, one was a Somali cat and one was a domestic shorthair cat. None of the cats tested positive for either FeLV antigen or FIV antibody. The clinical course of these infections was indolent, with cats typically presenting for weight loss, initially in the face of polyphagia, with a chronicity of up to several months. Additional clinical features included lower respiratory tract signs and peripheral lymphadenomegaly. A marked diffuse interstitial pattern was evident in thoracic radiographs, even in cats without overt respiratory involvement. Hair clipped to perform diagnostic procedures tended to regrow slowly, if at all. Diagnosis was generally made by obtaining representative tissue specimens from mesenteric lymph nodes, liver or kidney at laparotomy, or from a popliteal lymph node. The primary antecedent event was most likely colonisation of either the alimentary or respiratory tract, followed by local invasion and eventual lymphatic and haematogenous dissemination. Nine cases were treated using combination therapy with agents effective for MAC infection in human patients. Two cats are still undergoing initial therapy and have responded. Of the remaining seven, all responded during long courses (5-14 months) of clarithromycin combined with either clofazimine or rifampicin, and a fluoroquinolone or doxycycline. Of these, three cats remain well (with durations between 2 months and 2 years following therapy); two developed recurrent disease (at 3 months and 2 years, respectively, following therapy) and have restarted therapy. The remaining two cats improved I year and 5 months, respectively, after diagnosis but ultimately succumbed. The two cats in which therapy was restarted have improved dramatically. Certain lines of Abyssinian and Somali cats likely suffer from a familial immunodeficiency that predisposes them to infection with slow-growing mycobacteria such as MAC. (C) 2005 ESFM and AAFP. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.