The ecology of sexual conflict: behaviorally plastic responses to temperature variation in the social environment can drastically modulate male harm to females
The ecology of sexual conflict: behaviorally plastic responses to temperature variation in the social environment can drastically modulate male harm to females
复制标题
性冲突的生态学：对社会环境温度变化的行为可塑性反应可以极大地调节男性对女性的伤害
DOI：
10.1101/429514
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Carazo Pau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roberto García‐Roa;Valeria Chirinos;Carazo Pau
性别冲突是男性/女性适应的基本驱动力，是生物多样性的引擎，也是种群生存能力的关键决定因素。例如，性冲突经常导致行为适应，使雄性取代它们的竞争对手，但这样做会伤害那些它们正在争夺的雌性。因此，由雄性伤害引起的性冲突不仅会使雌性偏离其最佳适合度，而且会降低种群的生存能力并导致灭绝。尽管这一突出的作用，我们还远远不了解是什么因素调节了性冲突的强度，特别是生态在调节潜在行为适应方面的作用。在这项研究中，我们发现，在黑腹果蝇中，±4℃的环境温度变化（在野外的自然范围内）会使雄性对雌性健康的伤害降低45-73%。速率敏感适应度估计表明，这种调节导致种群生产力在较冷温度下平均恢复7%，在较热温度下平均恢复23%。我们的研究结果表明：a)社会互动的热生态学可以通过行为可塑性大幅调节雄性伤害；b)确定了一个潜在的关键生态因素，以了解性别冲突如何在自然界中运作；c)表明，面对快速的环境温度变化，行为可塑性反应可以减轻性别冲突对种群生存能力的负面影响。
Sexual conflict is a fundamental driver of male/female adaptations, an engine of biodiversity, and a crucial determinant of population viability. For example, sexual conflict frequently leads to behavioural adaptations that allow males to displace their rivals, but in doing so harm those same females they are competing to access. Sexual conflict via male harm hence not only deviates females from their fitness optimum, but can decrease population viability and facilitate extinction. Despite this prominent role, we are far from understanding what factors modulate the intensity of sexual conflict, and particularly the role of ecology in mediating underlying behavioural adaptations. In this study we show that, in Drosophila melanogaster, variations in environmental temperature of ±4C (within the natural range in the wild) decrease male harm impact on female fitness by between 45–73%. Rate-sensitive fitness estimates indicate that such modulation results in an average rescue of population productivity of 7% at colder temperatures and 23% at hotter temperatures. Our results: a) show that the thermal ecology of social interactions can drastically modulate male harm via behaviourally plasticity, b) identify a potentially crucial ecological factor to understand how sexual conflict operates in nature, and c) suggest that behaviourally plastic responses can lessen the negative effect of sexual conflict on population viability in the face of rapid environmental temperature changes.