Insights into hierarchically meso–macroporous structured materials
Insights into hierarchically meso–macroporous structured materials
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DOI：
10.1039/b512304f
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发表时间：
2006-02
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Z. Yuan;B. Su
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Z. Yuan;B. Su
最近在具有均匀通道尺寸的有序多孔材料领域取得了很大进展，该通道尺寸可以在很宽的长度范围内调节。在介孔材料中引入大孔结合了介孔和大孔结构的优点。与单一尺寸的孔材料相比，包含相互连接的大孔和介孔结构的分级材料具有更好的性能，这是因为增加了通过材料的质量传输，并在细孔系统的水平上保持了特定的表面积。双峰介孔-大孔无机材料可以通过使用自组装表面活性剂或两亲嵌段共聚物物种与胶体晶体、聚合物泡沫、生物纤维、乳液、无机盐和冰晶等大模板结合，或者通过宏观相分离来制备。在这里，我们从合成策略和新兴应用的角度综述了分级介孔-大孔无机材料及其碳复制品的研究现状。描述了详细的合成方法，其中特别介绍了最近发展起来的介孔(单一和二元)金属氧化物、金属磷酸盐和铝硅酸盐的自发形成。这些新型的介孔-大孔材料在高效液相分离、催化、燃料电池电极材料、生物材料工程、可控药物释放装置和膜反应器等方面得到了广泛的应用，并对这些应用进行了举例讨论。
A great deal of progress has recently been made in the field of ordered porous materials having uniform channel dimensions which can be adjusted over a wide range of length scales. Incorporation of macropores in mesoporous materials combines benefits from both the mesoporous and macroporous structures. Hierarchical materials containing both interconnected macroporous and mesoporous structures have enhanced properties compared with single-sized pore materials due to increased mass transport through the material and maintainance of a specific surface area on the level of fine pore systems. Bimodal mesoporous–macroporous inorganic materials can be prepared by using a self-assembling surfactant or amphiphilic block copolymer species in conjunction with macrotemplates such as colloidal crystals, polymer foams, bio-celluloses, emulsions, inorganic salts and ice crystals, or by macroscopic phase separations. Here, we review the state of the art for hierarchical meso–macroporous inorganic materials and their carbon replicas from the viewpoint of synthesis strategies and emerging applications. Detailed synthetic processes are described, in which the very recently developed spontaneous formation of meso–macroporous (single and binary) metal oxides, metal phosphates and aluminosilicates is specifically addressed. These novel meso–macroporous materials have found a number of applications, including HPLC separation, catalysis, fuel cell electrode materials, biomaterials engineering, controlled drug delivery devices, and membrane reactors, and these are discussed illustratively.