The Great Divide: Education, Despair, and Death.

The Great Divide: Education, Despair, and Death.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-015607
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发表时间:
2022-08
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Deaton, Angus
Deaton, Angus
中科院分区:
经济学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Case, Anne;Deaton, Angus

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在美国,因绝望、疾病和情绪困扰而死亡的人数继续上升,主要由那些没有大学学位的人承担,他们占美国成年人的大多数,对他们中的许多人来说,经济和社会不再提供支持。与此同时,美国的全因死亡率因受教育程度而出现分化,这在其他富裕国家是从未见过的。我们回顾了那些没有文学学士学位的人越来越普遍的痛苦、绝望和自杀。痛苦和绝望创造了对阿片类药物的基本需求,但成瘾的升级来自制药公司及其政治推动者。我们考察了“绝望的政治”,即受教育程度较低的人如何抛弃民主党,又如何被民主党抛弃。健康状况较好的州曾经在总统选举中投票给共和党,但现在健康状况较差的州也这样做了。我们回顾了COVID期间的死亡情况,发现2020年的死亡率重复了拥有和没有大学学位的人之间现有的相对死亡率差异。
Deaths of despair, morbidity and emotional distress continue to rise in the US, largely borne by those without a college degree, the majority of American adults, for many of whom the economy and society are no longer delivering. Concurrently, all-cause mortality in the US is diverging by education in a way not seen in other rich countries. We review the rising prevalence of pain, despair, and suicide among those without a BA. Pain and despair created a baseline demand for opioids, but the escalation of addiction came from pharma and its political enablers. We examine the “politics of despair,” how less-educated people have abandoned and been abandoned by the Democratic Party. While healthier states once voted Republican in presidential elections, now the less-healthy states do. We review deaths during COVID, finding mortality in 2020 replicated existing relative mortality differences between those with and without college degrees.
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