Field effectiveness evaluation of advanced driver assistance systems
Field effectiveness evaluation of advanced driver assistance systems
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DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2018.1527030
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Baur, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spicer, Rebecca;Vahabaghaie, Amin;Baur, Peter
目的：高级驾驶员辅助系统(ADAS)是一种车辆技术，旨在通过向驾驶员提供及时的警告和自主干预来避免危险情况，从而提高安全性。尽管实验室测试表明，ADAS技术将极大地影响坠机发生率，但表征其有效性的真实证据仍然有限。这项研究评估和量化了ADAS技术与美国新款宝马发生中度或严重碰撞的可能性之间的关联。方法：使用VIN识别的OPTIONS数据对2014年1月1日后销售的2014款及以后销售的宝马乘用车(n=1,063,503)进行车辆ADAS选项信息编码。ADAS感兴趣的技术包括具有自动紧急制动的正面碰撞警告、车道偏离警告和盲点检测。VIN将宝马自动碰撞通知系统数据(2014年1月至2017年11月)与车辆数据合并，以识别坠毁车辆(n=15,507)，包括日期、碰撞严重程度(Delta V)和影响区域。使用Cox比例风险回归模型，计算了安装与不安装ADAS技术的宝马乘用车之间的调整后的碰撞危险比。结果：在控制车型年份、车辆大小和车身类型的情况下，同时配备自动紧急制动和车道偏离警告的车辆发生碰撞的可能性比没有配备的车辆低23%(危险比[HR]=0.77；95%可信区间[CI]0.73-0.81)。自动紧急制动和车道偏离警告通常一起发生，因此很难区分它们各自的影响。在控制了自动紧急制动和车道偏离警告的存在后，盲点检测与撞车事故减少了14%相关(HR=0.86%；95%CI，0.744-0.99)。观察到车辆类型和碰撞类型的差异。自动紧急制动和车道偏离警告的综合效果在较新型号的车辆中更大：在2014款车型中，配备了自动紧急制动和车道偏离警告的车辆发生碰撞的可能性降低了13%(HR=0.87；95%CI，0.79-0.95)，而在2017车型年，配备自动紧急制动和车道偏离警告的车辆发生碰撞的可能性降低了34%(HR=0.66；95%CI，0.57-0.77)。结论：这项强有力的队列研究有助于越来越多的证据表明ADAS技术的有效性。
Objective: Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are a class of vehicle technologies designed to increase safety by providing drivers with timely warnings and autonomously intervening to avoid hazardous situations. Though laboratory testing suggests that ADAS technologies will greatly impact crash involvement rates, real-world evidence that characterizes their effectiveness is still limited. This study evaluates and quantifies the association of ADAS technologies with the likelihood of a moderate or severe crash for new-model BMWs in the United States.Methods: Vehicle ADAS option information for the cohort of model year 2014 and later BMW passenger vehicles sold after January 1, 2014 (n = 1,063,503), was coded using VIN-identified options data. ADAS technologies of interest include frontal collision warning with autonomous emergency braking, lane departure warning, and blind spot detection. BMW Automated Crash Notification system data (from January 2014 to November 2017) were merged with vehicle data by VIN to identify crashed vehicles (n = 15,507), including date, crash severity (delta V), and area of impact. Using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling, the study calculates the adjusted hazard ratio for crashing among BMW passenger vehicles with versus without ADAS technologies. The adjusted percentage reduction in moderate and severe crashes associated with ADAS is interpreted as one minus the hazard ratio.Results: Vehicles equipped with both autonomous emergency braking and lane departure warning were 23% less likely to crash than those not equipped (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.81), controlling for model year, vehicle size and body type. Autonomous emergency braking and lane departure warning generally occur together, making it difficult to tease apart their individual effects. Blind spot detection was associated with a 14% reduction in crashes after controlling for the presence of autonomous emergency braking and lane departure warning (HR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.744-0.99). Differences were observed by vehicle type and crash type. The combined effect of autonomous emergency braking and lane departure warning was greater in newer model vehicles: Equipped vehicles were 13% less likely to crash (HR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.95) among 2014 model year vehicles versus 34% less likely to crash (HR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.57-0.77) among 2017 model year vehicles.Conclusion: This robust cohort study contributes to the growing evidence on the effectiveness of ADAS technologies.