How Engineering Standards are Interpreted and Translated for Middle School
How Engineering Standards are Interpreted and Translated for Middle School
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如何为中学解释和翻译工程标准
DOI：
10.7771/2157-9288.1121
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Culbertson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Judson;John Ernzen;S. Krause;J. Middleton;R. Culbertson
在这项探索性研究中，我们研究了下一代科学标准（NGSS）中学工程设计标准与中学教师，科学教育教师和工程教师（每组4-6名成员）的课程理念的一致性。受访者被提示提供两个中学工程设计性能预期的简单语言解释，并提供如何在中学课堂上应用的性能预期的例子。与会者指出了执行这些业绩预期的挑战和好处，并指出了有助于他们解释业绩预期的个人经历。课程质量因所涉业绩预期而异。一般来说，受访者能够更好地产生解决学生“分析测试数据以确定几个设计解决方案之间的相似性和差异”的范例的想法，而不是让学生“定义设计问题的标准和约束条件”。一个值得注意的发现是缺乏高质量的工程课程的想法。最大比例的课程被归类为模糊和/或过于宽泛。看来NGSS工程设计标准可以很容易地以过度扩张的方式解码，从而导致难以转化为课堂实践的不确定的想法。
In this exploratory study we examined the alignment of Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) middle school engineering design standards with lesson ideas from middle school teachers, science education faculty, and engineering faculty (4–6 members per group). Respondents were prompted to provide plain language interpretations of two middle school Engineering Design performance expectations and to provide examples of how the performance expectations could be applied in middle school classrooms. Participants indicated the challenges and benefits of implementing these performance expectations and indicated personal experiences that helped them to interpret the performance expectations. Quality of lessons differed depending on the performance expectation being addressed. Generally, respondents were better able to generate ideas that addressed the paradigm of students ‘‘analyz[ing] data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions’’ than having students ‘‘define the criteria and constraints of a design problem.’’ A notable finding was the scarcity of quality engineering lesson ideas. The greatest proportion of lessons were categorized as Vague and/or Overly Broad. It appears that NGSS engineering design standards can too easily be decoded in an excessively expansive manner, thus resulting in indefinite ideas that are difficult to translate into classroom practice.