Some Aspects of Julius Von Hann's Contribution to Modern Climatology
Some Aspects of Julius Von Hann's Contribution to Modern Climatology
复制标题
朱利叶斯·冯·汉恩对现代气候学贡献的某些方面
DOI：
10.1029/gm075p0001
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Kahlig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Kahlig
朱利叶斯·冯·汉(1839-1921)是世纪之交在维也纳生活和工作的著名气象学家和气候学家(图1)。在气象学中，一项开创性的成就是他的热力学费恩理论(独立于亥姆霍兹)。在气候学方面，他帮助开创了定量方法。对于气象学和气候学，汉恩很早就认识到三维观测系统的重要性；因此，他提出并建立了几个山区天文台，并支持它们的维护(参见。Barry，1981)。今天，还有从第三维度获取数据的其他有效方式(特别是通过卫星，参看。世界气象组织，1988年)，但山区观测站将继续发挥其作为背景站的作用，以供参考和比较。汉恩担任国际著名期刊《气象学时代》(及其前身)的编辑长达50多年(1866-1920)。鉴于汉恩对科学的公认贡献，他的传记可以在标准的参考著作中找到，如大英百科全书(1962)、世界科学名人录(Debus，1968)或SES(1980)。F·施泰因豪泽(1951年)对汉恩的生平和影响进行了相当全面的回顾。对汉的生活和工作的赞赏也可以在几篇用英语写的讣告中找到(米切尔，1921年；肖，1921年；辛普森，1921年；沃德，1922年)。
Julius von Hann (1839-1921) was a leading meteorologist and climatologist at the turn of the century who lived and worked in Vienna (Figure 1). In meteorology, a pioneering achievement was his thermodynamic foehn theory (independently of Helmholtz). In climatology, he helped to initiate quantitative methods. Both for meteorology and for climatology, Hann recognized very early the importance of three-dimensional observation systems; consequently he proposed and founded several mountain observatories, and supported their maintenance (cf. Barry, 1981). Today, there are other efficient ways of obtaining data from the third dimension (in particular by satellites, cf. WMO, 1988), yet mountain observatories will continue to play their role as background stations for reference and comparison purposes. Hann was an editor of the internationally respected journal" Meteorologische Zeitschrift"(and its predecessor) for more than fifty years (1866-1920). In view of Hann's acknowledged contributions to science, his biography can be found in such standard reference works as Encyclopaedia Britannica (1962), World Who's Who in Science (Debus, 1968), or SES (1980). A rather complete review of Hann's life and impact has been given by F. Steinhauser (1951). An appreciation of Hann's life and work can also be found in several obituaries written in English (Mitchell, 1921; Shaw, 1921; Simpson, 1921; Ward, 1922).