Metal (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn) Transfer along Food Chain and Health Risk Assessment through Raw Milk Consumption from Free-Range Cows
Metal (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn) Transfer along Food Chain and Health Risk Assessment through Raw Milk Consumption from Free-Range Cows
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph16214064
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Levei, Levente
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Miclean, Mirela;Cadar, Oana;Levei, Levente
背景资料：金属在食物链中的沿着转移引起了人们对因饮食接触低浓度但长期接触而对人类健康产生影响的关注。土壤-饲料-牛奶-消费者是一个短的食物链，通过这个食物链，金属能够到达生物体。研究方法：铅，铜，镉，锌测定水，土壤，饲料，牛奶样品收集自由放养的牛农场位于附近的巴亚马雷，罗马尼亚。土壤饲料（TFSF）和饲料牛奶（TFFM）的金属和健康风险的三个人群（女性，男性和儿童）通过食用牛奶含有低水平的金属转移因子进行了评估。结果：TFsf表明，牧草对土壤中重金属的吸收能力顺序为Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb。TFFM表明缺乏通过饲料摄入的金属积累。估计每日（EDI）和临时耐受每周（PTWI）的摄入量值显示，通过牛奶消费的人口对这些金属的接触最小。非致癌危害指数表明，当地市场的牛奶消费不会对人类健康构成任何风险;然而，平均癌症风险显示出很高的潜在致癌风险。结论：食用当地小农户生产的牛奶不会造成非致癌风险。应进行更多扩展研究，以确定所食用牛奶中低水平金属引起的潜在致癌风险。
Background: Metal transfer along the food chain has raised concerns about impacts on human health due to dietary exposure to low but chronic concentrations. Soil-forage-milk-consumer is a short food chain through which metals are able to reach an organism. Methods: Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn were determined in water, soil, forage, and milk samples collected from free-range cattle farms situated near Baia Mare, Romania. The soil-to-forage (TFsf) and forage-to-milk (TFfm) transfer factors for metals and the health risk for three population groups (females, males, and children) through the consumption of milk containing low levels of metals were assessed. Results: TFsf indicated that the uptake capabilities of the metals from soil to forage were in the following order: Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb. TFfm indicated a lack of metal accumulation through forage ingestion. Estimated daily (EDI) and provisional tolerable weekly (PTWI) intake values revealed a minimal exposure of the population to those metals through milk consumption. A noncarcinogenic hazard index indicated that milk consumption from local markets does not pose any risk for human health; however, the average cancer risk showed a high potential carcinogenic risk. Conclusions: The consumption of milk produced by small local farmers does not pose noncarcinogenic risks. More extended studies should be carried out in order to identify the potential carcinogenic risk caused by the low levels of metals in the milk consumed.