Mapping bone cell distributions to assess ontogenetic origin of primate midfacial form.
Mapping bone cell distributions to assess ontogenetic origin of primate midfacial form.
复制标题
绘制骨细胞分布图以评估灵长类中面部形态的个体发育起源。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
V. DeLeon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Smith;Ethan S. Kentzel;Jayna M Cunningham;A. Bruening;Kathryn D. Jankord;S. Trupp;C. Bonar;S. Rehorek;V. DeLeon
灵长类的面中部减少被解释为其他生长模式的副产品，特别是收敛的轨道。这既是进化上的解释，也是对大多数现代灵长类动物相对较短的鼻子的发育的解释。在这里，我们使用围产期非人类灵长类动物的组织切片(Tamarin，tarsier，loris)来研究在个体发育过程中，选定的灵长类动物与另一种真长臂猿(Tupaia Glis)相比，眼眶形态是如何出现的。我们为破骨细胞或成骨细胞的位置注释了连续的组织切片，并使用这些组织切片创建了显示面部骨骼围产期生长模式的三维“模型图”。此外，在一个标本中，我们将组织切片的注释转移到CT切片上，以创建可旋转的3D体积，显示眼眶建模。我们的发现表明，竞争的眼眶和神经功能矩阵的增长在物种之间是不同的，影响建模模式。物种之间的差异在额骨上观察到，在内颅窝和眼眶之间的共同界面上。眼眶内侧壁在灵长类动物中广泛吸收，而在图帕亚人眼眶内侧壁通常是沉积的。根据假设，眼眶软组织侵占了可用的眶间空间。然而，眼睛的大小本身并不能解释嗅觉潜伏期减少的程度。在洛里斯，内侧轨道的后部与其他灵长类动物不同。可见嗅球向外漂移的证据，嗅球横截面积增大。我们认为，嗅球对链鼻目动物的眼眶位置很重要，在发育的早期影响眼眶间宽度的扩大。
Midfacial reduction in primates has been explained as a byproduct of other growth patterns, especially the convergent orbits. This is at once an evolutionary and developmental explanation for relatively short snouts in most modern primates. Here, we use histological sections of perinatal nonhuman primates (tamarin, tarsier, loris) to investigate how orbital morphology emerges during ontogeny in selected primates compared to another euarchontan (Tupaia glis). We annotated serial histological sections for location of osteoclasts or osteoblasts, and used these to create three-dimensional "modeling maps" showing perinatal growth patterns of the facial skeleton. In addition, in one specimen we transferred annotations from histological sections to CT slices, to create a rotatable 3D volume that shows orbital modeling. Our findings suggest that growth in the competing orbital and neurocranial functional matrices differs among species, influencing modeling patterns. Distinctions among species are observed in the frontal bone, at a shared interface between the endocranial fossa and the orbit. The medial orbital wall is extensively resorptive in primates, whereas the medial orbit is generally depositional in Tupaia. As hypothesized, the orbital soft tissues encroach on available interorbital space. However, eye size cannot, by itself, explain the extent of reduction of the olfactory recess. In Loris, the posterior portion of medial orbit differed from the other primates. It showed evidence of outward drift where the olfactory bulb increased in cross-sectional area. We suggest the olfactory bulbs are significant to orbit position in strepsirrhines, influencing an expanded interorbital breadth at early stages of development.