Toward a critical neuroscience of 'addiction'
Toward a critical neuroscience of 'addiction'
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DOI：
10.1057/biosoc.2009.2
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Campbell, Nancy D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, Nancy D.
二十世纪早期至中期，在肯塔基州列克星敦的成瘾研究中心进行的关于条件线索在复发中的作用的神经生理学研究是当今神经影像学研究的历史前身。 20 世纪 40 年代，试图了解“这些成瘾者大脑中发生了什么”的尝试对该领域产生了影响，亚伯拉罕·威克勒 (Abraham Wikler) 在 1940 年代和 1950 年代所做的基础性工作也是如此，这些工作涉及条件线索、他所谓的“边缘系统”在复吸中的作用，以及可能使用麻醉拮抗剂通过消除线索来防止复吸。本文概述了历史背景，以便确定历史背景和当前人种学案例研究之间的连续性，该研究重点关注当前的神经影像学研究，即宾夕法尼亚州费城治疗研究中心的 Anna Rose Childress 进行的“渴望”的作用以及有意识“渴望”之前和发生“外部意识”的神经过程在复发中的作用。这篇文章展示了“成瘾”是个人选择问题的说法与“成瘾”是一种破坏意志的神经化学疾病之间的不可通约性。神经科学家提供了科学的词汇和图像，可以塑造和回应成瘾的社会体验。结论认为，走向批判性神经科学的价值在于更加认识“成瘾”发生的社会世界，不是在“社会因素”的限制意义上，而是通过认识“成瘾”经历和研究的社会情境背景和关系。生物社会 (2010) 5, 89-104。 doi:10.1057/biosoc.2009.2
Early to mid-twentieth century studies on the neurophysiology of the role of conditioned cues in relapse, conducted at the Addiction Research Center in Lexington, Kentucky, were the historical antecedents to today's neuroimaging studies. Attempts in the 1940s to see 'what's going on in the brains of these addicts' were formative for the field, as was foundational work done in the 1940s and 1950s by Abraham Wikler on conditioned cues, the role of what he called the 'limbic system' in relapse, and possible uses of narcotic antagonists to prevent relapse by extinguishing cues. This article sketches the historical context in order to situate continuities between historical antecedents and a current ethnographic case study focused on current neuroimaging studies of the role of 'craving' - and neural processes that precede conscious 'craving' and occur 'outside awareness' - in relapse conducted by Anna Rose Childress at the Treatment Research Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The article showcases the incommensurability between claims that 'addiction' is a matter of individual choice, and claims that it is a neurochemical disorder disruptive of volition. Neuroscientists offer scientific vocabulary and imagery that both shape and respond to the social experience of addiction. The conclusion considers the value of moving toward a critical neuroscience more cognizant of the social worlds in which 'addiction' occurs, not in the restricted sense of 'social factors' but through awareness of the social-situational contexts and relationships within which 'addictions' are experienced and studied. BioSocieties (2010) 5, 89-104. doi:10.1057/biosoc.2009.2