Adolescents with and without gestational cocaine exposure: Longitudinal analysis of inhibitory control, memory and receptive language
Adolescents with and without gestational cocaine exposure: Longitudinal analysis of inhibitory control, memory and receptive language
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ntt.2010.08.004
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Hurt, Hallam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Betancourt, Laura M.;Yang, Wei;Hurt, Hallam
妊娠期可卡因暴露(GCE)的临床前研究表明，大脑功能在解剖、生理和行为水平上发生了变化，包括对多巴胺能系统发育的影响。相比之下，人类研究得出的结果不太一致，大多数研究显示对发育结果的影响很小或没有影响。大脑结构和功能的重要变化发生在青春期，因此，产前接触可卡因可能会对神经认知(NC)结果产生潜在影响，这种影响直到青春期或青春期才会显现。我们使用一组5个任务来检验NC的功能，这些任务被设计来利用4个不同的系统：抑制控制、工作记忆、接受性语言和附带记忆。对于每个NC任务，在12岁、14.5岁和17岁时纵向收集数据，并使用广义估计方程进行检验。109名儿童至少完成了三项评估中的两项。最终模型中包含的协变量包括评估数量、性别、第一次评估的参与者年龄、照顾者抑郁，以及来自家庭环境测量观察(HOME)、环境刺激和父母养育的两个组合。我们发现可卡因对抑制控制、工作记忆或接受性语言没有影响(p=0.18)。面孔附带记忆任务存在广泛性认知效应(p=0.055)，词汇附带记忆任务存在评估数交互效应(p=0.031)。随着时间的推移，参与者在抑制性控制、工作记忆和接受性语言任务上的表现有所改善。家庭环境刺激复合体与更好的接受性语言功能相关。在样本量较大的情况下，可能会检测到组之间的差异较小。这份报告没有显示GCE对抑制性控制、工作记忆或接受性语言的潜在影响的证据。在附带面孔记忆任务上观察到GCE效应，在附带单词记忆任务(C)2010 Elsevier Inc.上观察到GCE通过评估数字交互效应。版权所有。
Preclinical studies of gestational cocaine exposure (GCE) show evidence of changes in brain function at the anatomical, physiological, and behavioral levels, to include effects on developing dopaminergic systems. In contrast, human studies have produced less consistent results, with most showing small effects or no effects on developmental outcomes. Important changes in brain structure and function occur through adolescence, therefore it is possible that prenatal cocaine exposure has latent effects on neurocognitive (NC) outcome that do not manifest until adolescence or young adulthood. We examined NC function using a set of 5 tasks designed to tap 4 different systems: inhibitory control, working memory, receptive language, and incidental memory. For each NC task, data were collected longitudinally at ages 12, 14.5 and 17 years and examined using generalized estimating equations. One hundred and nine children completed at least two of the three evaluations. Covariates included in the final model were assessment number, gender, participant age at first assessment, caregiver depression, and two composites from the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME), Environmental Stimulation and Parental Nurturance. We found no cocaine effects on inhibitory control, working memory, or receptive language (p = 0.18). GCE effects were observed on incidental face memory task (p = 0.055), and GCE by assessment number interaction effects were seen on the incidental word memory task (p = 0.031). Participant performance on inhibitory control, working memory, and receptive language tasks improved over time. HOME Environmental Stimulation composite was associated with better receptive language functioning. With a larger sample size smaller differences between groups may have been detected. This report shows no evidence of latent effects of GCE on inhibitory control, working memory, or receptive language. GCE effects were observed on the incidental face memory task, and GCE by assessment number interaction effects was seen on the incidental word memory task (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.