GREETING BEHAVIOR IN MALE BABOONS .1. COMMUNICATION, RECIPROCITY AND SYMMETRY
GREETING BEHAVIOR IN MALE BABOONS .1. COMMUNICATION, RECIPROCITY AND SYMMETRY
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DOI：
10.1163/156853990x00446
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发表时间：
1990-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
COLMENARES, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
COLMENARES, F
摘要母系结构是包括热带草原狒狒在内的许多种旧大陆猴的典型结构。无论是雌性的同性配对还是异性配对，都经常达到最大的社会相容性阶段，即梳理。相比之下，雄性的二对个体很少达到这样的阶段，相反，它们表现出明显的相互不容忍和公开的侵略性竞争。在父系社会的黑猩猩中，成年雄性之间的梳理毛发和其他形式的身体接触相当频繁。在同样具有父系组织的hamadryas狒狒中，成年雄性不会彼此梳理毛发，但它们经常交换问候互动，特别是在社会紧张局势引发的兴奋环境中。物种特异性差异（草原与沙漠狒狒）的问候互动的形态也有报道。本研究的目的是检查这类非激动性相互作用的性质和功能，记录了9年内20名雄性成员之间的一个成熟的狒狒，Papio hamadryas，P. cynocephaus和它们的杂交种，住在一个大的，开放的外壳在马德里动物园。问候被概念化为互动，即每个参与者的行为都被检查与其他互动伙伴的行为有关。提供了一个描述和定性分析的形态（即面部，声音，操纵和接触，姿势和方向，运动模式）和属性（即互惠/非互惠，对称/不对称）的问候互动。问候互动的最重要的特点是观察到的三个阶段的性能模式，对应的阶段的近似，接近和撤退。在每个阶段，特征的行为模式显示，有些是相当刻板的，但其他人似乎是相当影响的身份，社会关系，相互作用的男性，也由直接的社会背景的相互作用。然后对20名研究男性之间的1583次问候互动和1039次攻击事件进行了定量分析。个体雄性被分配到以下生殖状态类别之一：亚成体（SA）、跟随者（FW）、新领导者（NL）、主要领导者（PL）、老领导者（OL）和老跟随者（OFW）。研究发现，男性的地位等级与他在问候和攻击性互动中扮演不同角色的频率之间存在相关性。问候互动是典型的成熟男性（FW，NL，PL，OL和OFW），但特别是生殖男性（NL，PL和OL）。他们的参与率（无论是作为发起人和接受者）是呈正相关的规模，他们的后宫（如总理领导人）和潜力，以增加后宫规模接管新的女性（如总理和新的领导人）。男性在其黄金生殖期（即PL）表现出参与对称的问候的最高比率，和男性谁达到这个阶段（即NL）是最经常拒绝回报的问候方式。随着男性接近生殖潜力较高的阶段，他们的对称率，即非接触和通知，问候增加。相比之下，在不对称的问候中观察到的接触模式主要显示在互动中，其中至少有一个参与者是一个不成熟的或年轻的非生殖（即追随者）男性。生殖男性，即总理和新的领导人，是最常见的发起人和接受者的问候和侵略。检查的形态问候.
AbstractMatrilineal structures are typical of many species of Old World monkeys including the savanna baboon. Both isosexual dyads of females and heterosexual dyads frequently reach the stage of greatest social compatibility, i.e. grooming. Male dyads, in contrast, very rarely reach such stage, they show instead marked mutual intolerance and overt aggressive competition. Grooming and other forms of physical contact are fairly frequent between adult males in the patrilineal society of chimpanzees. In the hamadryas baboon, also with patrilineal organization, adult males do not groom with each other but they frequently exchange greeting interactions, particularly in contexts of excitement provoked by social tension. Species-specific differences (savanna versus desert baboons) in the morphology of greeting interactions have also been reported. The objective of this study was to examine the nature and function of this category of non-agonistic interactions recorded over a period of 9 years between 20 males members of a well-established colony of baboons, Papio hamadryas, P. cynocephaus and their hybrids, housed in a large, open enclosure in the Madrid Zoo. Greetings were conceptualized as interactions, i.e. in which each participant's action is examined in relation to that of the other interacting partner. A description and qualitative analysis were provided of the morphology (i.e. facial, vocal, manipulatory and contact, postural and orientation, and locomotory patterns) and properties (i.e. reciprocity/non-reciprocity, and symmetry/asymmetry) of greeting interactions. The most significant feature of greeting interactions was the three-stage pattern of performance observed, corresponding with the phases of approximation, proximity, and retreat. In each phase, characteristic behavioural patterns were displayed, some were quite stereotyped but others seemed to be rather influenced by the identity of, and social relationship of, the interacting males, and also by the immediate social context of the interaction. A quantitative analysis of 1583 greeting interactions and 1039 aggressive episodes between the 20 study males was then carried out. Individual males were assigned to one of the following classes of reproductive status: subadult (SA), follower (FW), new leader (NL), prime leader (PL), old leader (OL), and old follower (OFW). It was found a correlation between a male's status class and the frequency with which he played several different roles in greeting and aggressive interactions. Greeting interactions were typical of mature males (FWs, NLs, PLs, OLs, and OFWs), but very especially of reproductive males (NLs, PLs, and OLs). Their rate of participation (both as initiator and recipient) was positively related both to the size of their harem (e.g. prime leaders) and to the potentiality to increase the harem size by taking over new females (e.g. prime and new leaders). Males at its prime reproductive period (i.e. PLs) showed the highest rates of involvement in symmetrical greetings, and the males who were reaching that stage (i.e. NLs) were the ones who most frequently refused to reciprocate a greeting approach. As males approached the stages of higher reproductive potential their rates of symmetrical, i.e. non-contact and notifying, greetings increased. In contrast, the contact patterns observed during asymmetrical greetings were mostly displayed in interactions in which at least one of the participants was either an immature or a young nonreproductive (i.e. follower) male. Reproductive males, i.e. prime and new leaders, were the most frequent initiators and recipients of both greeting and aggression. Examination of the morphology of greeting …