Architecture and Blocking
Architecture and Blocking
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架构和阻塞
作者：
David Embick;A. Marantz
我们讨论了阻塞效应的理论方法，特别强调了单词出现阻塞短语（反之亦然）的情况。这些方法至少有一个共同的直觉：语法和语义特征创造了可能出现特定项的单元或槽，当一个这样的单元被一种形式占用而不是另一种形式时，阻塞就会发生。关于阻塞的解释主要有两个方面：相互竞争的对象（语素、单词、短语、句子）的大小；在确定正确的输出时是否考虑到不符合语法的形式（相对而言，是否其他格式良好的对象被竞争标记为不符合语法）。我们认为，句法或语义特征表达竞争意义上的阻塞仅限于在语法的终端节点插入这些特征的音系指数（分布式形态学的词汇项）。因此，在单词级别或更高级别上没有阻塞，也没有语法结构和非语法结构之间的竞争。这些要点的架构意义在整个讨论中都得到了强调。
We discuss theoretical approaches to blocking effects, with particular emphasis on cases in which words appear to block phrases (and perhaps vice versa). These approaches share at least one intuition: that syntactic and semantic features create possible cells or slots in which particular items can appear, and that blocking occurs when one such cell is occupied by one form as opposed to another. Accounts of blocking differ along two primary dimensions: the size of the objects that compete with one another (morphemes, words, phrases, sentences); and whether or not ungrammatical forms are taken into consideration in determining the correct output (relatedly, whether otherwise well-formed objects are marked ungrammatical by competition). We argue that blocking in the sense of competition for the expression of syntactic or semantic features is limited to insertion of the phonological exponents of such features (the Vocabulary items of Distributed Morphology) at terminal nodes from the syntax. There is thus no blocking at the word level or above, and no competition between grammatical and ungrammatical structures. The architectural significance of these points is emphasized throughout the discussion.