GIS-based hydrological modelling to assess runoff yields in ancient-agricultural terraced wadi fields (central Negev desert)
GIS-based hydrological modelling to assess runoff yields in ancient-agricultural terraced wadi fields (central Negev desert)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.02.010
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Svoray, Tal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bruins, Hendrik J.;Bithan-Guedj, Hodaya;Svoray, Tal
在内盖夫沙漠中部短暂的溪谷中，存在着数千片古老的农业梯田。他们的石梯田墙捕获从周围山坡集水区流出的径流水，以增加梯田黄土的湿度。在Horvat Haluqim遗址进行的地质考古研究发现了在不同考古时期在这一干旱沙漠地区进行古代农业和土壤施肥的证据。地理信息系统（GIS）和数字高程模型（DEM），使水文模型的发展，以调查每一个古老的梯田在一个非侵入性的方式，而不干扰考古遗迹我们开发了一个基于GIS的水文模型，加上D无限（Tau DEM）算法，以评估年径流量在13个古老的梯田在农村考古遗址的Horvat Haluqim。我们的模型精确地确定了径流集水面积，范围在0.10公顷和0.36公顷之间，每个单独的梯田。使用Erdas Imagine进行的监督土地覆盖分类显示了结壳黄土和暴露基岩的表面百分比。在该地区的常规水文研究建立的径流系数的评价，我们提出的模型计算的径流坡面流产额的结果。我们模拟径流量为每个农业领域在一个平均年（1989-90年）88毫米降水量，一个非常潮湿的一年（1991-92年）188毫米，和一个严重干旱的一年（1999-2000年），只有34毫米降雨量。我们的初步结果，基于近似的平均年径流系数为10%，表明在平均和潮湿的降雨年径流水量似乎足以在这些古老的领域种植农作物。然而，干旱年份当然更有问题。模拟结果得到了犹太国家基金会在Horvat Haluqim附近类似的梯田中树木成功生长的支持，考虑到模拟中固有的不确定性，令人鼓舞的是，这些树木在干旱年份也能存活下来。我们的模型可以应用于评估气候变化对径流集水系统的影响，回顾过去，也可以评估未来气候变化对现代集水项目的可能影响。
Thousands of ancient agricultural terraced fields exist in ephemeral stream valleys in the central Negev desert. Their stone terrace walls captured runoff water, flowing from the surrounding hillslope catchments, to increase moisture in the loess soils of the terraced fields. Geoarchaeological research at the site of Horvat Haluqim discovered evidence for ancient farming and soil manuring in this arid desert region during various archaeological periods. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) enable the development of hydrological models to investigate every ancient terraced field in a non-invasive manner, without disturbing the archaeological remains We developed a GIS-based hydrological model, coupled with the D Infinity (Tau DEM) algorithm, to evaluate annual runoff yields in 13 ancient terraced fields at the rural archaeological site of Horvat Haluqim. Our model precisely determined the runoff catchment area, ranging between 0.10 ha and 0.36 ha, of each individual terraced field. Supervised land cover classification, using Erdas Imagine, showed the surface percentages of crusted loess soil and exposed bedrock. Following an evaluation of runoff coefficients established by conventional hydrological studies in the region, we present results of model calculated runoff overland flow yields. We modelled runoff amounts for each of the agricultural fields during an average year (1989-90) with 88 mm precipitation, a very wet year (1991-92) with 188 mm, and a severe drought year (1999-2000) with only 34 mm rainfall. Our initial results, based on an approximated average annual runoff coefficient of 10%, indicate that runoff water amounts during an average and wet rainfall year appear sufficient to grow agricultural crops in these ancient fields. However, drought years are of course more problematic. The modelling results are supported by the successful growth of trees in similar terraced wadi fields next to Horvat Haluqim, established by the Jewish National Fund. Given the inherent uncertainties involved in modelling, it is encouraging to note that the trees did survive also drought years. Our model may be applied to evaluate the effect of climatic changes on runoff water harvesting systems, looking back into the past and also to assess possible impact of future climate change scenarios in modern water harvesting projects.