Models and Methods to Investigate Acute Stress Responses in Cattle.
Models and Methods to Investigate Acute Stress Responses in Cattle.
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DOI：
10.3390/ani5040411
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发表时间：
2015-12-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Griebel P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen Y;Arsenault R;Napper S;Griebel P
畜牧业和整个社会越来越认识到动物压力是一个必须解决的重要问题。随着对动物健康、福祉和生产力的影响，通过改进动物管理程序和/或选择性育种来最大限度地减少动物压力正成为优先事项。然而，压力的有效管理取决于识别和量化各种压力源的影响并确定单个或组合压力源是否具有不同的生物学效应的能力。此外，如果我们要了解压力如何改变动物生产和疾病易感性，确定压力引起的生物效应的持续时间至关重要。常见的压力模型用于评估牛的心理和生理应激源进行了审查。我们确定了我们在对特定压力源的反应方面的知识中的一些主要差距，并提出了更综合的方法和途径来衡量这些反应。这些方法是基于对压力的代谢和免疫影响的更多了解。最后，我们推测这些发现可能如何影响动物农业，以及大型动物模型在理解人类压力方面的潜在应用。
There is a growing appreciation within the livestock industry and throughout society that animal stress is an important issue that must be addressed. With implications for animal health, well-being, and productivity, minimizing animal stress through improved animal management procedures and/or selective breeding is becoming a priority. Effective management of stress, however, depends on the ability to identify and quantify the effects of various stressors and determine if individual or combined stressors have distinct biological effects. Furthermore, it is critical to determine the duration of stress-induced biological effects if we are to understand how stress alters animal production and disease susceptibility. Common stress models used to evaluate both psychological and physical stressors in cattle are reviewed. We identify some of the major gaps in our knowledge regarding responses to specific stressors and propose more integrated methodologies and approaches to measuring these responses. These approaches are based on an increased knowledge of both the metabolic and immune effects of stress. Finally, we speculate on how these findings may impact animal agriculture, as well as the potential application of large animal models to understanding human stress.