Selective attention in schizophrenic and manic psychoses: the effect of distraction on information processing.
Selective attention in schizophrenic and manic psychoses: the effect of distraction on information processing.
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DOI：
10.1037//0021-843x.87.2.212
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发表时间：
1978-04
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
T. Oltmanns
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Oltmanns
试图确定在精神分裂症中特别容易受到分心影响的认知处理的一般水平。使用中性和分心词广度测试比较了12名精神分裂症患者（平均年龄27.8岁）、12名躁狂患者（平均年龄28.2岁）和12名对照组（平均年龄26.7岁）的分心程度和性质。同时，所有患者均采用住院患者评估护士观察量表进行评估，并分别有10名、11名和12名对照精神分裂症患者和躁狂患者完成MMPI。在一组测试中，序列位置曲线表明，在存在分心的情况下，精神分裂症患者表现的整体恶化反映了他们倾向于早忘记，而不是晚忘记列表中的项目。在第二组测试中，无论陈述速度如何，精神分裂症患者和躁狂患者都异常分心。尽管控制组也会被不相关的单词分散注意力，但在较慢的呈现速度下，他们的损伤显著减少。在分心的情况下，精神分裂症患者和躁狂患者在慢速演讲中使用额外时间进行积极的心理操作（如排练）的能力较差。结果表明，注意力分散在一定程度上干扰了精神分裂症患者和躁狂患者的信息处理，超出了相对被动的识别和感觉储存阶段。选择性注意的问题似乎与思维障碍的关系比与诊断类别的关系更密切。（25 ref）（PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，版权所有）
Attempted to identify the general level of cognitive processing that is especially vulnerable to distraction in schizophrenia. The extent and nature of distraction were compared in 12 schizophrenic patients (mean age, 27.8 yrs), 12 manic patients (mean age, 28.2 yrs), and 12 controls (mean age, 26.7 yrs) using neutral and distractor word-span tests. Also, all patients were evaluated by the Nurse's Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation, and 10, 11, and 12 controls, schizophrenics, and manics, respectively, completed the MMPI. On one set of tests, serial position curves indicated that in the presence of distraction the overall deterioration in schizophrenics' performance reflected their tendency to forget early, and not late, items in the lists. On a 2nd set of tests, both schizophrenics and manics were abnormally distracted, regardless of the speed of presentation. Although the controls were also somewhat distracted by irrelevant words, their impairment was significantly diminished at slower rates of presentation. With distraction, schizophrenics and manics were less able to use the extra time in slow presentations for active mental operations such as rehearsal. Both groups made more intrusive errors than normal Ss. Results indicate that distraction interferes with schizophrenics' and manics' information processing at some level beyond the comparatively passive stages of recognition and sensory storage. Problems in selective attention seem to be more closely related to thought disorder than to diagnostic categories.(25 ref)(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)