Situational analysis and future directions of AYUSH: An assessment through 5-year plans of India.
Situational analysis and future directions of AYUSH: An assessment through 5-year plans of India.
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DOI：
10.5455/jice.20151101093011
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Samal J
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文献类型：
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作者：
Samal J
Ayush是阿育吠陀、瑜伽和自然疗法、Unani、悉达和顺势疗法的首字母缩写。这是印度实行的六种本土医学体系。1995年3月成立了一个名为印度医学部的部门，并于2003年11月更名为AYUSH，重点是为这些系统的发展提供更多的关注。最近，在2014年，在印度联合政府下成立了一个单独的部，由一名国务部长领导。自1951年以来，关于这些医疗系统的规划是五年规划进程的一部分。自那时以来，这一部门出现了许多事态发展，尽管该系统在制定第一个五年计划时正与极大程度的不确定性作斗争。从第一个五年计划到第十二个五年计划，可以看到一条渐进的发展道路。到了第七个计划，增长略有放缓，从第八个计划开始，增长加快，此后可以观察到几个创新的发展过程。按照“十一五”规划的设想，该系统正逐步朝着成为全球接受的系统的愿景前进。目前，AYUSH制度是国家农村卫生计划(NRHM)实施的主流卫生制度的一部分。NRHM于2005年开始实施，但于2006年在基层实施，并引入了“将AYUSH纳入主流和振兴地方卫生传统”的计划，以加强公共卫生服务。自2012年4月1日起，该计划已进入第二阶段，即第十二个五年计划。该计划的实施主要有三个重要目标：为患者选择治疗系统、加强设施的功能和加强国家卫生方案的执行，然而，在一些地方，由于联邦政府自上而下的做法，没有相关社区的大量参与，这似乎是一种强制的医疗多元化。在这项研究中，回顾了从第一个计划到第十二个计划的五年规划文件，以使人们能够反思，并对AYUSH系统的未来方向提出一些看法。
AYUSH is an acronym for Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. These are the six indigenous systems of medicine practiced in India. A department called Department of Indian System of medicine was created in March 1995 and renamed to AYUSH in November 2003 with a focus to provide increased attention for the development of these systems. Very recently, in 2014, a separate ministry was created under the union Government of India, which is headed by a minister of state. Planning regarding these systems of medicine was a part of 5-year planning process since 1951. Since then many developments have happened in this sector albeit the system was struggling with a great degree of uncertainty at the time of 1st5-year plan. A progressive path of development could be observed since the first to the 12th5-year plan. It was up to the 7thplan the growth was little sluggish and from 8thplan onward the growth took its pace and several innovative development processes could be observed thereafter. The system is gradually progressing ahead with a vision to be a globally accepted system, as envisaged in 11th5-year plan. Currently, AYUSH system is a part of mainstream health system implemented under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). NRHM came into play in 2005 but implemented at ground level in 2006 and introduced the scheme of “Mainstreaming of AYUSH and revitalization of local health traditions” to strengthen public health services. This scheme is currently in operation in its second phase, since 1stApril 2012, with the 12th5-year plan. The scheme was primarily brought in to operation with three important objectives; choice of treatment system to the patients, strengthen facility functionally and strengthen the implementation of national health programmes, however, in some places it seems to be a forced medical pluralism owing to a top-down approach by the union government without considerable involvement of the concerned community. In this study, the 5-year planning documents have been reviewed, from the 1stplan to 12thplan, to enable reflection and throw some light into the future directions of AYUSH system.