Mental training affects distribution of limited brain resources.
Mental training affects distribution of limited brain resources.
复制标题
心理训练会影响有限的大脑资源的分布。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.0050138
复制
发表时间：
2007-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Davidson RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Slagter HA;Lutz A;Greischar LL;Francis AD;Nieuwenhuis S;Davis JM;Davidson RJ
人类大脑的信息处理能力是有限的，正如所谓的“注意力瞬脱”缺陷所证明的那样：当嵌入在快速事件流中的两个目标（T1和T2）在时间上非常接近时，第二个目标通常看不到。这种缺陷被认为是由于两个目标之间的竞争有限的注意力资源。在这里，我们使用注意力瞬脱任务和头皮记录的脑电位的表现来表明，冥想或心理训练会影响有限的大脑资源的分配。三个月的强化心理训练导致了较小的注意力瞬脱，减少了对第一个目标的大脑资源分配，这反映在较小的T1-诱发的P3b上，这是一个大脑资源分配的潜力指数。此外，那些大脑资源分配到T1的最大减少的个体通常表现出注意力眨眼大小的最大减少。这些观察结果为以下观点提供了新的支持：准确识别T2的能力取决于对T1资源的有效部署。研究结果还表明，心理训练可以提高对有限大脑资源分配的控制。我们的研究支持了大脑和心理功能的可塑性存在于整个生命中的观点，并说明了系统的心理训练在人类心理研究中的有用性。冥想包括注意力的心理训练，这涉及从轰击我们感官系统的一系列输入中选择与目标相关的信息。注意系统的主要局限之一是处理两个时间上接近的任务相关刺激的能力。当两个目标刺激中的第二个在第一个的半秒内出现在一系列快速事件中时，通常不会被检测到。这种所谓的“注意力瞬脱”缺陷被认为是由于刺激之间对有限注意力资源的竞争造成的。我们在一个注意瞬脱任务中测量了强烈冥想对表现和头皮记录的脑电位的影响。我们发现，三个月的密集冥想减少了分配给第一个目标的大脑资源，使练习者能够更频繁地检测第二个目标，而不会影响他们检测第一个目标的能力。这些发现表明，冥想训练可以提高一项新任务的表现，这需要训练的注意力。内观冥想的强化训练提高了一个人有效分配注意力的能力，以便准确地发现视觉目标。行为和事件相关的潜在证据之间的因果关系的行为训练和大脑可塑性的成年人。
The information processing capacity of the human mind is limited, as is evidenced by the so-called “attentional-blink” deficit: When two targets (T1 and T2) embedded in a rapid stream of events are presented in close temporal proximity, the second target is often not seen. This deficit is believed to result from competition between the two targets for limited attentional resources. Here we show, using performance in an attentional-blink task and scalp-recorded brain potentials, that meditation, or mental training, affects the distribution of limited brain resources. Three months of intensive mental training resulted in a smaller attentional blink and reduced brain-resource allocation to the first target, as reflected by a smaller T1-elicited P3b, a brain-potential index of resource allocation. Furthermore, those individuals that showed the largest decrease in brain-resource allocation to T1 generally showed the greatest reduction in attentional-blink size. These observations provide novel support for the view that the ability to accurately identify T2 depends upon the efficient deployment of resources to T1. The results also demonstrate that mental training can result in increased control over the distribution of limited brain resources. Our study supports the idea that plasticity in brain and mental function exists throughout life and illustrates the usefulness of systematic mental training in the study of the human mind. Meditation includes the mental training of attention, which involves the selection of goal-relevant information from the array of inputs that bombard our sensory systems. One of the major limitations of the attentional system concerns the ability to process two temporally close, task-relevant stimuli. When the second of two target stimuli is presented within a half second of the first one in a rapid sequence of events, it is often not detected. This so-called “attentional-blink” deficit is thought to result from competition between stimuli for limited attentional resources. We measured the effects of intense meditation on performance and scalp-recorded brain potentials in an attentional-blink task. We found that three months of intensive meditation reduced brain-resource allocation to the first target, enabling practitioners to more often detect the second target with no compromise in their ability to detect the first target. These findings demonstrate that meditative training can improve performance on a novel task that requires the trained attentional abilities. Intensive training in Vipassana meditation enhances one's ability to allocate attention efficiently in order to detect visual targets accurately. Behavioral and event-related potential evidence for a causal link between behavioral training and brain plasticity in adults is shown.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Sergent, C;Dehaene, S
通讯作者：
Dehaene, S
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0407401101
发表时间：
2004-11-16
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Lutz, A;Greischar, LL;Davidson, RJ
通讯作者：
Davidson, RJ
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Vogel, EK;Luck, SJ
通讯作者：
Luck, SJ
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Olivers, CNL;Nieuwenhuis, S
通讯作者：
Nieuwenhuis, S
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Jung, TP;Makeig, S;Sejnowski, TJ
通讯作者：
Sejnowski, TJ