The role of childhood maltreatment in the altered trait and global expression of personality in cocaine addiction
The role of childhood maltreatment in the altered trait and global expression of personality in cocaine addiction
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.015
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Kilts, Clinton D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brents, Lisa K.;Tripathi, Shanti Prakash;Kilts, Clinton D.
背景和目的：药物成瘾是一种与人格异常高度相关的衰弱障碍。早期生活压力(ELS)是成瘾和人格障碍的常见危险因素，但ELS、成瘾和人格之间的关系尚不清楚。方法：对95名研究参与者进行ELS历史和可卡因依赖的评估和分组。比较两组之间的NEO-FFI人格测量，以确定ELS和与成瘾相关的人格特征的差异。然后检查ELS和可卡因依赖作为人格特质得分的预测因子。最后，k-均值聚类被用来揭示样本中人格特质配置的聚类。结果：不同受试组的特征表达有显著差异。有ELS(可卡因+/ELS+)病史的可卡因依赖者在规范人格方面表现出最大的偏差。可卡因依赖显著预测四个特征，而ELS预测神经质和宜人性；ELS与可卡因依赖之间没有交互作用。聚类分析确定了四种不同的个性特征：开放的、合群的、烦躁的和封闭的。这些资料在受试者群体中的分布有很大不同。可卡因+/ELS+组、可卡因-/ELS+组和可卡因-/ELS组分别显著增加表现出烦躁、开放和合群特征的几率。结论：可卡因依赖和早期生活应激显著且不同地与个体人格特征的表达改变及其聚集作为人格特征相关，提示因ELS暴露而有成瘾风险的个体可能受益于以人格为中心的方法作为早期干预和预防。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Background and aims: Drug addictions are debilitating disorders that are highly associated with personality abnormalities. Early life stress (ELS) is a common risk factor for addiction and personality disturbances, but the relationships between ELS, addiction, and personality are poorly understood.Methods: Ninety-five research participants were assessed for and grouped by ELS history and cocaine dependence. NEO-FFI personality measures were compared between the groups to define ELS and addiction-related differences in personality traits. ELS- and cocaine dependence were then examined as predictors of personality trait scores. Finally, k-means clustering was used to uncover clusters of personality trait configurations within the sample. Odds of cluster membership across subject groups was then determined.Results: Trait expression differed significantly across subject groups. Cocaine-dependent subjects with a history of ELS (cocaine+/ELS+) displayed the greatest deviations in normative personality. Cocaine dependence significantly predicted four traits, while ELS predicted neuroticism and agreeableness; there was no interaction effect between ELS and cocaine dependence. The cluster analysis identified four distinct personality profiles: Open, Gregarious, Dysphoric, and Closed. Distribution of these profiles across subject groups differed significantly. Inclusion in cocaine+/ELS+, cocaine-/ELS+, and cocaine-/ELS groups significantly increased the odds of expressing the Dysphoric, Open and Gregarious profiles, respectively.Conclusions: Cocaine dependence and early life stress were significantly and differentially associated with altered expression of individual personality traits and their aggregation as personality profiles, suggesting that individuals who are at-risk for developing addictions due to ELS exposure may benefit from personality centered approaches as an early intervention and prevention. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.