Rapid thermal responses and thermal tolerance in adult codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Rapid thermal responses and thermal tolerance in adult codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.09.013
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Terblanche, John S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chidawanyika, Frank;Terblanche, John S.
为了保持关键活动或提高生存率，面临多变和不利的热环境的昆虫可能会每天进行生理调整。在这里，我们调查的生存实验室饲养的成年苹果蠹蛾在高温或低温和他们的反应，在亚致死温度在短时间尺度的预处理。我们还确定了苹果蠹蛾活性的临界热限（CTL）以及不同冷却或加热速率对CTL的影响，以补充存活测定。温度和暴露时间显著影响成虫。在更极端的温度和/或更长的持续时间下，苹果蠹蛾的存活被证明是更致命的。暴露0.5、1、2、3和4小时后，50%的苹果蠹蛾成虫的致死温度在-20摄氏度至-5摄氏度和32摄氏度至47摄氏度之间，2小时内为-12摄氏度，2小时内为44摄氏度。对快速热响应（即硬化）的研究发现，低温响应有限，但高温响应更明显。例如，C.在5 ℃下预处理2小时的苹果蠹蛾将在-9 ℃下2小时的存活率从50%提高到90%（p < 0.001）。在高温下，在37摄氏度下预处理1小时显著提高了在43摄氏度下2小时的存活率，从20%提高到90%（p < 0.0001）。我们还研究了热应激的交叉耐受性。在此，低温预处理没有改善高温存活，而高温预处理（37 ℃持续1小时）显著改善低温存活（-9 ℃持续2小时）。诱导性交叉耐受暗示热休克蛋白反应。在0.06、0.12和0.25 ℃ min（-1）的冷却速率下，临界热最小值（CTmin）没有受到显著影响（CTmin范围：0.3-1.3 ℃）。相比之下，临界热最大值（CTmax）受到这些速率下加热的显著影响，范围为42.5至44.9 ℃。总之，这些结果表明，明显的可塑性急性高温耐受性的成年C。pomonella，但有限的急性低温反应。我们讨论这些结果的背景下，当地农业生态系统小气候记录。这些反应对目前正在进行的害虫防治计划具有重要意义，并对了解这些和其他昆虫耐热性的演变具有影响。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
In order to preserve key activities or improve survival, insects facing variable and unfavourable thermal environments may employ physiological adjustments on a daily basis. Here, we investigate the survival of laboratory-reared adult Cydia pomonella at high or low temperatures and their responses to pre-treatments at sub-lethal temperatures over short time-scales. We also determined critical thermal limits (CTLs) of activity of C pomonella and the effect of different rates of cooling or heating on CTLs to complement the survival assays. Temperature and duration of exposure significantly affected adult C. pomonella survival with more extreme temperatures and/or longer durations proving to be more lethal. Lethal temperatures, explored between -20 degrees C to -5 degrees C and 32 degrees C to 47 degrees C over 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h exposures, for 50% of the population of adult C pomonella were -12 degrees C for 2 h and 44 degrees C for 2 h. Investigation of rapid thermal responses (i.e. hardening) found limited low temperature responses but more pronounced high temperature responses. For example, C. pomonella pre-treated for 2 h at 5 degrees C improved survival at -9 degrees C for 2 h from 50% to 90% (p < 0.001). At high temperatures, pre-treatment at 37 degrees C for 1 h markedly improved survival at 43 degrees C for 2 h from 20% to 90% (p < 0.0001). We also examined cross-tolerance of thermal stressors. Here, low temperature pre-treatments did not improve high temperature survival, while high temperature pre-treatment (37 degrees C for 1 h) significantly improved low temperature survival (-9 degrees C for 2 h). Inducible cross-tolerance implicates a heat shock protein response. Critical thermal minima (CTmin) were not significantly affected by cooling at rates of 0.06, 0.12 and 0.25 degrees C min(-1) (CTmin range: 0.3-1.3 degrees C). By contrast, critical thermal maxima (CTmax) were significantly affected by heating at these rates and ranged from 42.5 to 44.9 degrees C. In sum, these results suggest pronounced plasticity of acute high temperature tolerance in adult C. pomonella, but limited acute low temperature responses. We discuss these results in the context of local agroecosystem microclimate recordings. These responses are significant to pest control programmes presently underway and have implications for understanding the evolution of thermal tolerance in these and other insects. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.