Quantifying the Cost Reduction Potential for Earth Observation Satellites
Quantifying the Cost Reduction Potential for Earth Observation Satellites
复制标题
量化地球观测卫星的成本降低潜力
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Koltz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anthony Shao;J. Wertz;E. Koltz
在目前的预算环境下，迫切需要大幅降低太空任务的成本。人们认为，小型卫星本质上比传统的大型卫星成本低得多，并且可以在降低总体太空任务成本方面发挥核心作用，但这种效果很难量化。由于没有可量化的证据证明其价值，小型卫星作为降低太空任务成本的方法并未得到充分利用。本研究的目的是通过创建基于性能的成本模型（PBCM）来量化空间系统的成本与性能之间的关系。如今，大多数采办绩效分析都关注成本超支，或者系统成本相对于预期成本的多少。相反，PBCM 使我们能够专注于更重要的问题，例如，在给定成本下我们可以实现多少性能，或者给定性能水平的成本是多少。在本文中，我们提出了固定分辨率和覆盖要求的成本与轨道高度、成本与分辨率以及成本与覆盖范围之间的关系。空间系统的传统成本模型通常是基于重量的，主要是因为质量分配是在任务设计的早期确定的，并且历史上与实际硬件成本密切相关。为了为本研究提供基础成本数据，我们应用了整个航空航天成本建模界广泛使用的 3 个成本模型：无人航天器成本模型 (USCM)、航空航天公司小型卫星成本模型 (SSCM) 和 NASA 仪器成本模型 (NICM)。
In the present budget environment, there is a strong need to dramatically drive down the cost of space missions. There is the perception that SmallSats are inherently much lower cost than more traditional larger satellites and can play a central role in reducing overall space mission cost, but this effect has been difficult to quantify. Without quantifiable evidence of their value, SmallSats are under-utilized as a method for reducing space mission cost. The purpose of this study is to quantify the relationship between cost and performance for space systems, by creating a Performance-Based Cost Model (PBCM). Today, most acquisition performance analyses focus on cost overruns, or how much the system costs relative to what it is expected to cost. Instead, PBCM allows us to focus on more important questions, such as, how much performance we can achieve for a given cost, or what the cost is for a given level of performance. In this paper, we present the relationship between cost vs. orbit altitude for a fixed resolution and coverage requirement, cost vs. resolution, and cost vs. coverage. Traditional cost models for space systems are typically weight-based, primarily because mass allocation is determined early in mission design and has historically correlated well with actual hardware cost. To provide the underlying cost data for this study, we apply 3 cost models widely used throughout the aerospace cost modeling community: the Unmanned Space Vehicle Cost Model (USCM), the Aerospace Corp. Small Satellite Cost Model (SSCM), and the NASA Instrument Cost Model (NICM).