Micronutrient Intakes in 553 Dutch Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: Prevalence of Low and High Intakes in Users and Non-Users of Nutritional Supplements.
Micronutrient Intakes in 553 Dutch Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: Prevalence of Low and High Intakes in Users and Non-Users of Nutritional Supplements.
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DOI：
10.3390/nu9020142
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发表时间：
2017-02-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
De Vries J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wardenaar F;Brinkmans N;Ceelen I;Van Rooij B;Mensink M;Witkamp R;De Vries J
这项研究调查了运动员是否符合微量营养素的建议，以及他们的摄入量是否与膳食补充剂，运动营养产品或组合的使用有关。使用基于网络的24小时饮食回忆以及随附的营养补充问卷，对553名荷兰（次）精英运动员的营养素摄入量进行了评估。在大多数膳食补充剂的使用者和非使用者中，如果补充剂不包括在分析中，维生素D摄入量低于估计的平均需求量（AR）。包括膳食补充剂改善了维生素D的摄入量，但仍然有一部分运动员，无论男女，报告的摄入量低于AR。不使用膳食补充剂的人特别容易摄入维生素B1、B2、B3和维生素A、C和硒。据报道，在相当一部分女性（包括使用者和非使用者）中，平均铁摄入量低于AR。运动营养产品的使用对微量营养素摄入量的贡献很小。使用膳食补充剂的运动员的一个小流行率显示，一些微量营养素的摄入量高于上限。总之，营养补充剂的使用者和非使用者均报告微量营养素摄入不足。对于大多数微量营养素，使用营养补充剂不能完全补偿低于AR的摄入量。运动员应该考虑更好地选择食物，每天服用低剂量的多种维生素补充剂。
This study investigated whether athletes meet micronutrient recommendations and whether the adequacy of their intake is related to the use of dietary supplements, sport nutrition products or a combination. Micronutrient intakes of 553 Dutch (sub-) elite athletes were assessed using web-based 24-h dietary recalls with accompanying nutritional supplement questionnaires. In the majority of both users and non-users of dietary supplements, vitamin D intake was below the estimated average requirement (AR) if supplements were not included in the analysis. Including dietary supplements improved vitamin D intake, but still a part of the athletes, both men and women, reported an intake below the AR. Non-users of dietary supplements were particularly at risk for low intakes of vitamins B1, B2, B3 and vitamins A, C and selenium. Mean iron intake was reported below the AR in a substantial group of women, both users and non-users. The use of sport nutrition products contributed only slightly to micronutrient intake. A small prevalence of athletes using dietary supplements showed intakes of some micronutrients above the Upper Level. In conclusion, both users and non-users of nutritional supplements reported inadequate intake of micronutrients. For most micronutrients, use of nutritional supplements does not completely compensate for intakes below AR. Athletes should consider making better food choices and the daily use of a low-dosed multivitamin supplement.