Photoinduced copper-catalysed asymmetric amidation via ligand cooperativity.

Photoinduced copper-catalysed asymmetric amidation via ligand cooperativity.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-021-03730-w
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发表时间:
2021-08
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Fu GC
Fu GC
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen C;Peters JC;Fu GC

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亲核试剂取代烷基亲电试剂是有机化学中的一个基本反应,它使有机分子的合成变得高效和收敛。近年来,在利用过渡金属催化极大地扩展了碳亲核试剂-、的亲核取代反应的范围方面已经取得了实质性进展,但在利用氮亲核试剂进行相应的反应方面进展有限。此外,对于许多取代反应,键结构本身并不是唯一的挑战,因为需要同时控制立体化学。在这里,我们描述了一种通过使用基于铜(一种地球上丰富的金属)的光诱导催化剂体系,用无处不在的含氮官能团(酰胺)取代未活化的外消旋烷基亲电试剂的对映收敛方法。这种不对称n -烷基化过程依赖于三种不同的配体(双膦、苯氧化合物和手性二胺),它们在原位组装铜/双膦/苯氧化合物配合物,作为光催化剂和手性铜/二胺配合物,催化对映选择性C-N键的形成。因此,本研究将烷基亲电试剂的对映选择性n取代扩展到活化亲电试剂(在进行取代的碳上至少有一个sp-或sp-杂化取代基的亲电试剂)之外,包括未活化的亲电试剂。
The substitution of an alkyl electrophile by a nucleophile is a foundational reaction in organic chemistry that enables the efficient and convergent synthesis of organic molecules. Whereas substantial progress has been reported in recent years in exploiting transition-metal catalysis to dramatically expand the scope of nucleophilic substitution reactions using carbon nucleophiles–,, there has been limited progress in corresponding reactions with nitrogen nucleophiles. Furthermore, for many substitution reactions, the bond construction itself is not the only challenge, as there is a need to control stereochemistry at the same time. Here, we describe a method for the enantioconvergent substitution of unactivated racemic alkyl electrophiles by a ubiquitous nitrogen-containing functional group, an amide, through the use of a photoinduced catalyst system based on copper, an earth-abundant metal. This process for asymmetric N-alkylation relies upon three distinct ligands (a bisphosphine, a phenoxide, and a chiral diamine) that assemble, in situ, a copper/bisphosphine/phenoxide complex that serves as a photocatalyst and a chiral copper/diamine complex that catalyzes enantioselective C–N bond formation. This study thus expands enantioselective N-substitution by alkyl electrophiles beyond activated electrophiles (those bearing at least one sp- or sp2-hybridized substituent on the carbon undergoing substitution)–, to include unactivated electrophiles.
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期刊: SCIENCE
影响因子: 56.9
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发表时间: 2017-04-14
期刊: Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子: --
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通讯作者: Fu GC
DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00212
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