Seasonal Variations in Microbial Populations and Environmental Conditions in an Extreme Acid Mine Drainage Environment
Seasonal Variations in Microbial Populations and Environmental Conditions in an Extreme Acid Mine Drainage Environment
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.65.8.3627-3632.1999
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发表时间：
1999-08
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
K. Edwards;T. Gihring;J. Banfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Edwards;T. Gihring;J. Banfield
摘要1997年对加利福尼亚州铁山酸性矿山排水（AMD）现场的微生物种群、分布及其水生环境进行了为期一年的研究。群体进行定量荧光原位杂交与组特异性探针。探针用于真核菌、细菌和古菌领域，以及研究最广泛且与AMD产生相关的两个物种：氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌。结果表明，微生物种群的相对比例和绝对数量，在空间和季节性变化，并与地球化学和物理条件（pH值，温度，电导率和降雨量）。1月份细菌种群比例最高（>95%）。相反，古菌种群在7月和9月的比例最高（约50%），在冬季几乎没有。细菌和古菌种群与电导率和降雨量。高浓度的溶解固体，反映了高电导率值（高达125 mS/cm），发生在夏季，并与高古菌种群和比例较低的细菌种群。1月份未检测到真核生物，在主要产酸地点周边的中等pH值和温度（2.5和20°C）下，微生物细胞总数最低（30%），在与矿体接触的低pH值地点（pH = 0.5）最低（0至5%）。L.在地球化学条件（pH = 0 ~ 3; 20 ~ 50°C）下，氧化亚铁硫杆菌的分布范围更广，但在较高温度和较低pH（~ 40°C; pH ~ 0.5）下，氧化亚铁硫杆菌比T.氧化亚铁
ABSTRACT Microbial populations, their distributions, and their aquatic environments were studied over a year (1997) at an acid mine drainage (AMD) site at Iron Mountain, Calif. Populations were quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridizations with group-specific probes. Probes were used for the domains Eucarya, Bacteria, and Archaea and the two species most widely studied and implicated for their role in AMD production, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. Results show that microbial populations, in relative proportions and absolute numbers, vary spatially and seasonally and correlate with geochemical and physical conditions (pH, temperature, conductivity, and rainfall). Bacterial populations were in the highest proportion (>95%) in January. Conversely, archaeal populations were in the highest proportion in July and September (∼50%) and were virtually absent in the winter. Bacterial and archaeal populations correlated with conductivity and rainfall. High concentrations of dissolved solids, as reflected by high conductivity values (up to 125 mS/cm), occurred in the summer and correlated with high archaeal populations and proportionally lower bacterial populations. Eukaryotes were not detected in January, when total microbial cell numbers were lowest (30%) at moderate pHs and temperatures (∼2.5 and 20°C) in sites that were peripheral to primary acid-generating sites and lowest (0 to 5%) at low-pH sites (pH ∼0.5) that were in contact with the ore body. L. ferrooxidans was more widely distributed with respect to geochemical conditions (pH = 0 to 3; 20 to 50°C) but was more abundant at higher temperatures and lower pHs (∼40°C; pH ∼0.5) than T. ferrooxidans.