Reactivity of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) in mediating environmental reactions: Current knowledge and future trends
Reactivity of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) in mediating environmental reactions: Current knowledge and future trends
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DOI：
10.1007/s11783-020-1265-6
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发表时间：
2020-07
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Wenqing Xu;M. Segall;Z. Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wenqing Xu;M. Segall;Z. Li
热解碳质物质（PCM;例如，炭黑、生物炭和活性炭）是来自化石燃料或生物质的不完全燃烧的固体残余物。它们传统上被视为惰性吸附剂，用于从水相中隔离污染物或为微生物生长提供表面。在这个帐户中，我们回顾了最近发现的PCM在促进化学和微生物的协同作用，这是重要的污染物转化，氧化还原活性元素的地球化学过程，以及气候变化缓解生物炭和一氧化二氮（N2 O）之间的相互作用的反应。此外，我们还重点介绍了本课题组在PCM增强的含氮和卤代污染物的非生物转化方面的工作，并对反应途径进行了深入分析。为了了解PCM的哪些特性赋予其反应性，我们的团队率先使用PCM类聚合物，即共轭微孔聚合物（CMP）来模拟PCM的性能。该方法允许特定表面性质（例如，醌）在聚合物合成过程中进入聚合物网络。因此，在我们小组的工作中，系统地研究了PCM的特性与其在促进模型污染物衰变中的反应性之间的关系。本报告中总结的发现有助于我们更好地了解一个被忽视的环境过程，其中PCM与各种环境试剂（如硫化氢和水）协同作用。此外，在这些研究中获得的知识可以为设计新一代具有定制特性的活性碳质材料提供信息，这些材料在污染物去除方面非常有效。
Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM; e.g., black carbon, biochar, and activated carbon) are solid residues from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel or biomass. They are traditionally viewed as inert adsorbents for sequestering contaminants from the aqueous phase or providing surfaces for microbes to grow. In this account, we reviewed the recently discovered reactivity of PCM in promoting both chemical and microbial synergies that are important in pollutant transformation, biogeochemical processes of redox-active elements, and climate change mitigation with respect to the interaction between biochar and nitrous oxide (N2O). Moreover, we focused on our group’s work in the PCM-enhanced abiotic transformation of nitrogenous and halogenated pollutants and conducted in-depth analysis of the reaction pathways. To understand what properties of PCM confer its reactivity, our group pioneered the use of PCM-like polymers, namely conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), to mimic the performance of PCM. This approach allows for the controlled incorporation of specific surface properties (e.g., quinones) into the polymer network during the polymer synthesis. As a result, the relationship between specific characteristics of PCM and its reactivity in facilitating the decay of a model pollutant was systematically studied in our group’s work. The findings summarized in this account help us to better understand an overlooked environmental process where PCM synergistically interacts with various environmental reagents such as hydrogen sulfide and water. Moreover, the knowledge gained in these studies could inform the design of a new generation of reactive carbonaceous materials with tailored properties that are highly efficient in contaminant removal.