THE ROLE OF DOMOIC ACID IN ABORTION AND PREMATURE PARTURITION OF CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS) ON SAN MIGUEL ISLAND, CALIFORNIA
THE ROLE OF DOMOIC ACID IN ABORTION AND PREMATURE PARTURITION OF CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS) ON SAN MIGUEL ISLAND, CALIFORNIA
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DOI：
10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.91
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Gulland, Frances M. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Goldstein, Tracey;Zabka, Tanja S.;Gulland, Frances M. D.
软骨藻酸是一种由海洋藻类如Pseudonitzschia australis产生的维生素A能神经毒素。加州海狮（Zalophus californianns）在捕食食浮游生物的鱼类时摄入毒素。成年雌性占因急性软骨藻酸中毒而住院康复的搁浅动物的60%，通常患有生殖衰竭，包括流产和早产。软骨藻酸已被证明可以穿过胎盘，使胎儿暴露在毒素中。为了确定软骨藻酸是否在海狮繁殖失败中发挥作用，2005年和2006年在圣米格尔岛对67只流产和活产的早产幼崽进行了采样，以调查繁殖失败的原因。分析包括软骨藻酸、污染物和传染病检测以及组织学检查。拟菱形藻在环境和海狮粪便中都存在软骨藻酸，在海狮粪便和17%的幼狮样本中检测到软骨藻酸。组织学检查结果包括全身和局部炎症和羊膜源性细菌感染、胎盘水肿和脑水肿。软骨藻酸浓度可测量的5只动物的主要病变是脑水肿，这是一种常见的发现，在某些情况下，是在康复期软骨藻酸中毒雌性动物所产流产早产幼仔中观察到的唯一病变。鲸脂中的有机氯浓度低于先前在20世纪70年代收集的早产海狮幼崽中测得的浓度。虽然本研究中流产和早产的病因各不相同，但这些结果表明软骨藻酸导致加州海狮繁殖失败。
Domoic acid is a glutaminergic neurotoxin produced by marine algae such as Pseudonitzschia australis. California sea lions (Zalophus californianns) ingest the toxin when foraging on planktivorous fish. Adult females comprise 60% of stranded animals admitted for rehabilitation due to acute domoic acid toxicosis and commonly suffer from reproductive failure, including abortions and premature live births. Domoic acid has been shown to cross the placenta exposing the fetus to the toxin. To determine whether domoic acid was playing a role in reproductive failure in sea lion rookeries, 67 aborted and live-born premature pups were sampled on San Miguel Island in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the causes for reproductive failure. Analyses included domoic acid, contaminant and infectious disease testing, and histologic examination. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were present both in the environment and in sea lion feces, and domoic acid was detected in the sea lion feces and in 17% of pup samples tested. Histopathologic findings included systemic and localized inflammation and bacterial infections of amniotic origin, placental abruption, and brain edema. The primary lesion in five animals with measurable domoic acid concentrations was brain edema, a common finding and, in some cases, the only lesion observed in aborted premature pups born to domoic acid intoxicated females in rehabilitation. Blubber organochlorine concentrations were lower than those measured previously in premature sea lion pups collected in the 1970s. While the etiology of abortion and premature parturition was varied in this study, these results suggest that domoic acid contributes to reproductive Failure on California sea lion rookeries.