Oviposition behaviour by a spider‐ectoparasitoid, Zatypota maculata, exploits the specialized prey capture technique of its spider host
Oviposition behaviour by a spider‐ectoparasitoid, Zatypota maculata, exploits the specialized prey capture technique of its spider host
复制标题
蜘蛛外寄生物 Zatypota maculata 的产卵行为利用了蜘蛛宿主专门的猎物捕获技术
DOI：
10.1111/jzo.12668
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Maeto Kaoru
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takasuka Keizo;Matsumoto Rikio;Maeto Kaoru
寄生蜂在活体动物身上产卵是一项艰巨的任务，包括宿主的反击或逃避。受自己的网保护的活动蜘蛛的寄生虫（多括约肌蜘蛛-姬蜂科的外寄生虫）需要避免与蜘蛛网纠缠，以接近蜘蛛宿主产卵。这些情况促使攻击行为的进化高度适应每个蜘蛛宿主的网络结构。我们发现了攻击性产卵行为的一个成员的多括约肌组，Zatypota maculata，寄生在一个theridid蜘蛛，Nihonhimea japonica，它构建了一个“击倒3D网络”。它由一个上面的非粘性3D结构组成，中间挂着一个撤退（一片枯叶），下面是一个作为捕获设备的非粘性薄片。当猎物被击倒并被网布困住时，蜘蛛会立即落在网布的下面，穿透网布咬食并包裹猎物。斑腹蛛会表现出两种行为来对付这种类型的网：（1）黄蜂爬上3D蜘蛛网，慢慢爬上蜘蛛的撤退处，花很长时间使蜘蛛无法逃脱，最后进入撤退刺蜘蛛（爬行式）;（2）黄蜂从网的外部潜入到床单上，就像被击倒的猎物一样，引诱蜘蛛出来，然后在接触的那一刻刺它（潜水式）。我们讨论了这些独特的攻击行为，并将其与其他多括约肌和蜘蛛狩猎的行为进行了比较。在实验条件下，还观察到通过去除预先存在的卵而产生的杀卵剂。
Oviposition on or into a living animal is an arduous undertaking for parasitoids, including in terms of counterattack or evasion by the host. Parasitoids of active spiders protected by their own webs (polysphinctine spider‐ectoparasitoids in the family Ichneumonidae) need to avoid entanglement with the spider's web to gain access to the spider host for oviposition. These circumstances have driven the evolution of offensive behaviours highly adapted to the web architecture of each spider host. We discovered offensive oviposition behaviour in a member of thePolysphincta‐group,Zatypota maculata, parasitizing a theridiid spider,Nihonhimea japonica, which constructs a ‘knockdown 3D web’. It consists of a non‐viscid 3D structure above, with a retreat (a dead leaf) hung at the centre, and a non‐viscid sheet below as a capturing device. When a prey insect is knocked down and then trapped by the sheet, the spider immediately drops onto the underside of the sheet by penetrating it to bite and wrap the prey.Zatypota maculataexhibits two behaviours to deal with this type of web: (1) the wasp climbs the 3D cobweb, creeps up slowly onto the spider's retreat, taking a long time so that the spider does not escape, and finally enters the retreat to sting the spider (creeping‐style); (2) the wasp dives from outside of the web onto the sheet, as a knocked‐down prey item would, to lure the spider out, before stinging it at the moment of contact (diving‐style). We discuss these unique offensive behaviours and compare them with behaviours of other polysphinctines and spider‐hunting aculeates. Ovicide by means of removal of pre‐existing eggs was also observed under experimental conditions.